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Help-Seeking Pathways Among Malay Psychiatric Patients

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  • S.M. Razali
  • M.A.M. Najib

Abstract

The aim of this study is to explore the help-seeking behaviour of Malay psychiatric patients. A semi-structured interview based on a standard proforma was conducted to assess help seeking process and delays for Malay psychiatric patients attending the psychiatric clinic for the first time. Help-seeking process and delays were defined. Among 134 patients evaluated in the study, 69% had visited traditional healers (bomoh) for the present illness before consulting psychiatrists. The second popular choice of treatment was medical practitioner and only a small percentage of them had consulted homeopathic practitioners and herbalists. Patients who had consulted bomohs were significantly delayed in getting psychiatric treatment compared with those who had not consulted them. Consultation of bomohs was significantly higher among married patients, those with major psychiatric illnesses and in family who believed in supernatural causes of mental illness. However, there was no significant difference in age, gender, educational status and occupation between patients who had consulted and not consulted bomoh. We concluded that majority of the Malay psychiatric patients had sought the traditional treatment prior to psychiatric consultation. The strength of social support and the belief of the patients, friends, and/or relatives in supernatural causes of mental illness were strongly associated with the rate of traditional treatment. Deep-seated cultural beliefs were major barrier to psychiatric treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • S.M. Razali & M.A.M. Najib, 2000. "Help-Seeking Pathways Among Malay Psychiatric Patients," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 46(4), pages 281-289, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:46:y:2000:i:4:p:281-289
    DOI: 10.1177/002076400004600405
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    1. Irene Chung, 2010. "Changes in the Sociocultural Reality of Chinese Immigrants: Challenges and Opportunities in Help-Seeking Behaviour," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 56(4), pages 436-447, July.
    2. Alean Al-Krenawi & John R. Graham & Yasmin Z. Dean & Nada Eltaiba, 2004. "Cross-National Study of Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Help: Jordan, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Arabs in Israel," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 50(2), pages 102-114, June.
    3. Mohd Izzuddin Hairol & Sha’ari Ahmad & Sharanjeet Sharanjeet-Kaur & Lei Hum Wee & Fauziah Abdullah & Mahadir Ahmad, 2021. "Incidence and predictors of postpartum depression among postpartum mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(11), pages 1-12, November.
    4. Shaden Adel & Karim Abdel Aziz & Dina El Tabei & Noha Adel Mahfouz & Dina Aly El-Gabry, 2023. "Patterns and factors associated with consulting traditional healers on the care pathway of psychiatric patients in the United Arab Emirates," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 69(5), pages 1202-1212, August.
    5. Picholas Kian Ann Phoa & Asrenee Ab Razak & Hue San Kuay & Anis Kausar Ghazali & Azriani Ab Rahman & Maruzairi Husain & Raishan Shafini Bakar & Firdaus Abdul Gani, 2023. "Predictors of Mental Health Literacy among Parents, Guardians, and Teachers of Adolescents in West Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-13, January.
    6. Tarek Assad & Tarek Okasha & Hisham Ramy & Tamer Goueli & Hanan El-Shinnawy & Mohamed Nasr & Heba Fathy & Dalia Enaba & Dina Ibrahim & Mahmoud Elhabiby & Nesreen Mohsen & Sherien Khalil & Mohamed Fekr, 2015. "Role of traditional healers in the pathway to care of patients with bipolar disorder in Egypt," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 61(6), pages 583-590, September.
    7. Anitha Jeyagurunathan & Edimansyah Abdin & Saleha Shafie & Peizhi Wang & Sherilyn Chang & Hui Lin Ong & Restria Fauziana Abdul Rahman & Vathsala Sagayadevan & Ellaisha Samari & Yi Chian Chua & Janhavi, 2018. "Pathways to care among psychiatric outpatients in a tertiary mental health institution in Singapore," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 64(6), pages 554-562, September.
    8. Tarek Okasha & Nivert Zaki & Marwa Abd El Meguid & Marwa El-Missiry & Walaa Sabry & Mostafa Kamel Ismaeil & Samar M Fouad, 2016. "Duration of untreated psychosis in an Egyptian sample: Sociodemographic and clinical variables," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 62(7), pages 661-671, November.
    9. Kristian L Toftegaard & Lea Nørgreen Gustafsson & Richard Uwakwe & Ulla A Andersen & Thomas Becker & Graziella Giacometti Bickel & Bernhard Bork & Joachim Cordes & Karel Frasch & Bent Ascanius Jacobs, 2015. "Where are patients who have co-occurring mental and physical diseases located?," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 61(5), pages 456-464, August.
    10. Jeroen W. Knipscheer & Rolf J. Kleber, 2005. "Help-Seeking Behaviour Regarding Mental Health Problems of Mediterranean Migrants in the Netherlands: Familiarity with Care, Consultation Attitude and Use of Services," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 51(4), pages 372-382, December.
    11. Wendy Diana Shoesmith & Awang Faisal Bin Awang Borhanuddin & Pauline Yong Pau Lin & Ahmad Faris Abdullah & Norhayati Nordin & Beena Giridharan & Dawn Forman & Sue Fyfe, 2018. "Reactions to symptoms of mental disorder and help seeking in Sabah, Malaysia," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 64(1), pages 49-55, February.
    12. Mona Ibrahim Awaad & Nesreen Mohsen Ibrahim & Rehab Mohamed Naguib & Sherien Ahmed Khalil & Mahmoud Elhabiby & Zainab Khaled Mohamed, 2020. "Role of traditional healers in the pathway to care of patients with schizophrenia in Egypt," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 66(4), pages 382-388, June.
    13. Michael Galvin & William Byansi & Lesley Chiwaye & Zoleka Luvuno & Aneesa Moolla, 2023. "Pathways to care among patients with mental illness at two psychiatric facilities in Johannesburg, South Africa," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 69(8), pages 2059-2067, December.
    14. Harris K Chilale & Ndumanene Devlin Silungwe & Saulos Gondwe & Charles Masulani-Mwale, 2017. "Clients and carers perception of mental illness and factors that influence help-seeking: Where they go first and why," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 63(5), pages 418-425, August.

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