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Development and Validation of the Awareness of Privilege and Oppression Scale–2

Author

Listed:
  • Michael James McClellan
  • Lori Patricia Montross-Thomas
  • Pamela Remer
  • Yoshie Nakai
  • Addison D. Monroe

Abstract

The two studies presented describe the revision process that led to the development of the Awareness of Privilege and Oppression Scale–2 (APOS-2) and efforts to evaluate the new measure’s reliability and construct validity. In Study 1, a 26-item measure was developed from data gathered from a sample of 484 undergraduate students. An exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor solution made up of awareness of racism, sexism, heterosexism, and classism was appropriate. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis suggested the proposed hierarchical four-factor solution was the best available fit of the data using a second sample of 520 undergraduate students. The observed Cronbach alpha reliability estimates for the final 26-item total score and subscale scores in the two presented studies were as follows: Total score (.89, .88), Awareness of Heterosexism (.82, .82), Awareness of Sexism (.76, .76), Awareness of Classism (.81, .82), and Awareness of Racism (.84, .80).

Suggested Citation

  • Michael James McClellan & Lori Patricia Montross-Thomas & Pamela Remer & Yoshie Nakai & Addison D. Monroe, 2019. "Development and Validation of the Awareness of Privilege and Oppression Scale–2," SAGE Open, , vol. 9(2), pages 21582440198, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:9:y:2019:i:2:p:2158244019853906
    DOI: 10.1177/2158244019853906
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