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External Control May Destroy The Commons

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  • Axel Ostmann

Abstract

In commons situations, what one user takes affect the other users' opportunities. Game-theoretical analysis predicts an overuse of the resource for a large and relevant class of these situations. Past empirical research however appears to show that individuals in a commons situation often establish institutions more or less adequate to handling the problem. This paper reports on an experimental investigation of how (costly and partial) monitoring and sanctioning of offenders affects the incentive structure and the behavior of commoners. The central finding is that even though controls and sanctions shift the Nash-equilibrium to a more favourable outcome, subjects tend not to reach the level of welfare of this equilibrium in practice. This suggests that the potential increase of efficiency by means of monitoring and inspection has to be judged very carefully; policy recommendations based on the assumption that adequate inspection and sanctions will force people to behave better are highly questionable.

Suggested Citation

  • Axel Ostmann, 1998. "External Control May Destroy The Commons," Rationality and Society, , vol. 10(1), pages 103-122, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:ratsoc:v:10:y:1998:i:1:p:103-122
    DOI: 10.1177/104346398010001005
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marwell, Gerald & Ames, Ruth E., 1981. "Economists free ride, does anyone else? : Experiments on the provision of public goods, IV," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 295-310, June.
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    2. Tambunlertchai, Kanittha & Pongkijvorasin, Sittidaj, 2021. "Regulatory stringency and behavior in a common pool resource game: Lab and field experiments," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    3. Robson, Mark & Kant, Shashi, 2007. "The development of government agency and stakeholder cooperation: A comparative study of two Local Citizens Committees' (LCCs) participation in forest management in Ontario, Canada," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(8), pages 1113-1133, May.
    4. Klaus Moeltner & James J. Murphy & John K. Stranlund & Maria Alejandra Velez, 2013. "Institutional heterogeneity in social dilemma games: a Bayesian examination," Chapters, in: John A. List & Michael K. Price (ed.), Handbook on Experimental Economics and the Environment, chapter 2, pages 67-88, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    5. Uriel Haran & Doron Teichman & Yuval Feldman, 2016. "Formal and Social Enforcement in Response to Individual Versus Corporate Transgressions," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(4), pages 786-808, December.
    6. Andries Richter & Stijn Reinhard, 2023. "How does less public spending affect the motivation of citizens to contribute to nature conservation?," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 75(4), pages 1093-1104.
    7. Ansink, Erik & Tesfaye, Abonesh & Bouma, Jetske & Brouwer, Roy, 2017. "Cooperation in watershed management: A field experiment on location, trust, and enforcement," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 91-104.
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