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Addressing Health Literacy in Patient Decision Aids: An Update from the International Patient Decision Aid Standards

Author

Listed:
  • Danielle M. Muscat

    (Sydney Health Literacy Lab, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)

  • Jenna Smith

    (Sydney Health Literacy Lab, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)

  • Olivia Mac

    (Sydney Health Literacy Lab, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)

  • Tamara Cadet

    (School of Social Work, Simmons University, Boston MA, USA
    Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA)

  • Anik Giguere

    (Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada)

  • Ashley J. Housten

    (Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA)

  • Aisha T. Langford

    (Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health. New York, NY, USA)

  • Sian K. Smith

    (Psychosocial Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)

  • Marie-Anne Durand

    (Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
    Unisanté, Centre Universitaire de Médecine Générale et Santé Publique, Lausanne, Suisse
    The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA)

  • Kirsten McCaffery

    (Sydney Health Literacy Lab, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
    Bath Centre for Healthcare Innovation and Improvement, Information Decisions and Operations, School of Management, University of Bath, Somerset, UK)

Abstract

Background There is increasing recognition of the importance of addressing health literacy in patient decision aid (PtDA) development. Purpose An updated review as part of IPDAS 2.0 examined the extent to which PtDAs are designed to meet the needs of people with low health literacy/socially-disadvantaged populations. Data Sources Reference lists of Cochrane reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PtDAs (2014, 2017, and upcoming 2021 versions). Study Selection RCTs that assessed the impact of PtDAs on low health literacy or other socially-disadvantaged groups (i.e., ≥50% participants from socially-disadvantaged groups and/or subgroup analysis in socially-disadvantaged group/s). Data Extraction Two researchers independently extracted data into a standardized form including PtDA development and evaluation details. We searched online repositories and emailed authors to access PtDAs to verify grade reading level, understandability, and actionability. Data Synthesis Twenty-five of 213 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, illustrating that only 12% of studies addressed the needs of low health literacy or other socially-disadvantaged groups. Grade reading level was calculated in 8 of 25 studies (33%), which is recommended in previous IPDAS guidelines. We accessed and independently assessed 11 PtDAs. None were written at sixth-grade level or below. Ten PtDAs met the recommended threshold for understandability, but only 5 met the recommended threshold for actionability. We also conducted a post hoc subgroup meta-analysis and found that knowledge improvements after receiving a PtDA were greater in studies that reported using strategies to reduce cognitive demand in PtDA development compared with studies that did not (χ 2 = 14.11, P = 0.0002, I 2 = 92.9%). Limitations We were unable to access 13 of 24 PtDAs. Conclusions. Greater attention to health literacy and socially-disadvantaged populations is needed in the field of PtDAs to ensure equity in decision support.

Suggested Citation

  • Danielle M. Muscat & Jenna Smith & Olivia Mac & Tamara Cadet & Anik Giguere & Ashley J. Housten & Aisha T. Langford & Sian K. Smith & Marie-Anne Durand & Kirsten McCaffery, 2021. "Addressing Health Literacy in Patient Decision Aids: An Update from the International Patient Decision Aid Standards," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 41(7), pages 848-869, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:medema:v:41:y:2021:i:7:p:848-869
    DOI: 10.1177/0272989X211011101
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paul C. Schroy III & Karen Emmons & Ellen Peters & Julie T. Glick & Patricia A. Robinson & Maria A. Lydotes & Shamini Mylvanaman & Stephen Evans & Christine Chaisson & Michael Pignone & Marianne Prout, 2011. "The Impact of a Novel Computer-Based Decision Aid on Shared Decision Making for Colorectal Cancer Screening," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 31(1), pages 93-107, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Renata W. Yen & Jenna Smith & Jaclyn Engel & Danielle Marie Muscat & Sian K. Smith & Julien Mancini & Lilisbeth Perestelo-Pérez & Glyn Elwyn & A. James O’Malley & JoAnna K. Leyenaar & Olivia Mac & , 2021. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Patient Decision Aids for Socially Disadvantaged Populations: Update from the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS)," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 41(7), pages 870-896, October.
    2. Holly O. Witteman & Ruth Ndjaboue & Gratianne Vaisson & Selma Chipenda Dansokho & Bob Arnold & John F. P. Bridges & Sandrine Comeau & Angela Fagerlin & Teresa Gavaruzzi & Melina Marcoux & Arwen Pieter, 2021. "Clarifying Values: An Updated and Expanded Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 41(7), pages 801-820, October.
    3. Dawn Stacey & Robert J. Volk, 2021. "The International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) Collaboration: Evidence Update 2.0," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 41(7), pages 729-733, October.

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    Keywords

    health literacy; patient decision aids;

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