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‘Sons of the soil’: A model of assimilation and population control

Author

Listed:
  • Avidit Acharya

    (Department of Political Science, Stanford University, USA)

  • David D Laitin

    (Department of Political Science, Stanford University, USA)

  • Anna Zhang

    (Department of Political Science, Stanford University, USA)

Abstract

We model the cultural outcomes of ‘sons of the soil’ conflicts. These are conflicts between the local inhabitants of a particular region and migrants to the region, typically belonging to a dominant national culture. Our goal is to understand the conditions under which migrants assimilate into the local culture, or in which locals assimilate into the national culture. The model has two main actors: a national elite of a dominant ethnic group, and a regional elite seeking to promote the traditional culture of the sons of the soil. Both actors have parallel strategies, viz. assimilating the other group into their culture, controlling the size of the migrant population, doing both, or allowing market forces to determine outcomes. The model has three possible cultural outcomes: the culture tips to that of the sons of the soil; the culture tips to that of the migrant group; or the region remains bicultural, with each group retaining its own culture. We illustrate these outcomes through four cases: (i) Bengalis and Assamese in the Indian state of Assam; (ii) Russians and Estonians in the Ida-Virumaa county of Estonia; (iii) Tamils and Sinhalese in Jaffna and the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka; and (iv) Castilians and Catalans in the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain.

Suggested Citation

  • Avidit Acharya & David D Laitin & Anna Zhang, 2018. "‘Sons of the soil’: A model of assimilation and population control," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 30(2), pages 184-223, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jothpo:v:30:y:2018:i:2:p:184-223
    DOI: 10.1177/0951629817737858
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jha, Saumitra, 2013. "Trade, Institutions, and Ethnic Tolerance: Evidence from South Asia," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 107(4), pages 806-832, November.
    2. Fearon, James D. & Laitin, David D., 2011. "Sons of the Soil, Migrants, and Civil War," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 199-211, February.
    3. Fearon, James D. & Laitin, David D., 2003. "Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 97(1), pages 75-90, February.
    4. David D. Laitin & Carlota Sol㉠& Stathis N. Kalyvas, 1994. "Language and the Construction of States: The Case of Catalonia in Spain," Politics & Society, , vol. 22(1), pages 5-29, March.
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