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From Rallies to Riots: Why Some Protests Become Violent

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  • Brandon Ives
  • Jacob S. Lewis

Abstract

When do nonviolent protests escalate into violence? Existing literature has focused primarily on campaign-level escalations and only recently has work begun to examine protest event-level escalations. We build on this emerging literature and develop an argument for why some protests escalate to violence. We use statistical analysis and find that violent escalations are more likely to occur following recent repression and when protests are unorganized. Our results offer insight into the conditions in which protests remain peaceful and offer citizens a channel to pursue their goals as well as the conditions in which protests become violent and destabilizing.

Suggested Citation

  • Brandon Ives & Jacob S. Lewis, 2020. "From Rallies to Riots: Why Some Protests Become Violent," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 64(5), pages 958-986, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:64:y:2020:i:5:p:958-986
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002719887491
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christian Davenport & David A. Armstrong, 2004. "Democracy and the Violation of Human Rights: A Statistical Analysis from 1976 to 1996," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 48(3), pages 538-554, July.
    2. Kitschelt, Herbert P., 1986. "Political Opportunity Structures and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 16(1), pages 57-85, January.
    3. Bahar Leventoğlu & Nils W. Metternich, 2018. "Born Weak, Growing Strong: Anti‐Government Protests as a Signal of Rebel Strength in the Context of Civil Wars," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 62(3), pages 581-596, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Brandon Ives & Jori Breslawski, 2022. "Greed, grievance, or graduates? Why do men rebel?," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 59(3), pages 319-336, May.
    2. Sargis Karavardanyan, 2024. "Economic Development, Inequality and Dynamics of Social Movements in the United States: Theory and Quantitative Analysis," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 22(2), pages 421-474, June.
    3. Christos Mavridis & Orestis Troumpounis & Maurizio Zanardi, 2022. "Protests and Police Militarization," School of Economics Discussion Papers 0122, School of Economics, University of Surrey.

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