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Hierarchical Models and Social Sciences

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  • Nicholas T. Longford

Abstract

The view is presented that multilevel methods are just one element in a hypothetical complete analysis of observational data on human subjects. In most contexts several sources of uncertainty, in addition to those captured by a multilevel analysis, are present, and so the confidence placed in the results of a typical multilevel analysis is unrealistically optimistic. A “soft-ware-free†analysis of longitudinal data with rectangular design is outlined. Questions posed by the National Center for Education Statistics and elaborated by de Leeuw and Kreft are briefly discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas T. Longford, 1995. "Hierarchical Models and Social Sciences," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 20(2), pages 205-209, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jedbes:v:20:y:1995:i:2:p:205-209
    DOI: 10.3102/10769986020002205
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