IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/globus/v11y2010i2p119-133.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Technical Efficiency and Productivity Growth of Saudi Banks

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammad Hanif Akhtar

    (Mohammad Hanif Akhtar, Ph.D. is Chairman at the Department of Finance and Accounting, College of Business Administration, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: mhakhtar@fnm.psu.edu.sa)

Abstract

This article is an attempt to calculate the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)efficiency scores and productivity indices of banks in Saudi Arabia. Our DEA results indicate that technical inefficiency emerges from both scale as well as pure technical inefficiencies. The results on Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI)reflect an improvement in average productivity of banks. However, the major source of productivity gain was the efficiency change relative to technological change. The banks in the Kingdom appear to have succeeded in catching up with the best performance, even though the average scores on technical efficiency (TE)stood beyond optimality. Implications of the study reveal that countries like Saudi Arabia need to accelerate and diversify resource mobilization efforts extensively, suggesting banks to go beyond deposits as the main source of resource mobilization. The existing monopolistic type of banking sector needs to be transformed into a competitive one, enabling banks to look for optimality and competitiveness simultaneously. There is also a need to diversify the sources of gross domestic product (GDP)both nationally and internationally. This would immune the banking system from the swings emerging through changes in the oil prices and quotas.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Hanif Akhtar, 2010. "Technical Efficiency and Productivity Growth of Saudi Banks," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 11(2), pages 119-133, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:globus:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:119-133
    DOI: 10.1177/097215091001100201
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/097215091001100201
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/097215091001100201?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nicola Cetorelli & Michele Gambera, 2001. "Banking Market Structure, Financial Dependence and Growth: International Evidence from Industry Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 56(2), pages 617-648, April.
    2. Anthony N. Rezitis, 2006. "Productivity Growth in the Greek Banking Industry: A Non-Parametric Approach," Journal of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 119-138, May.
    3. Charnes, A. & Cooper, W. W. & Rhodes, E., 1978. "Measuring the efficiency of decision making units," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 2(6), pages 429-444, November.
    4. Sherman, H. David & Gold, Franklin, 1985. "Bank branch operating efficiency : Evaluation with Data Envelopment Analysis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 9(2), pages 297-315, June.
    5. Caves, Douglas W & Christensen, Laurits R & Diewert, W Erwin, 1982. "The Economic Theory of Index Numbers and the Measurement of Input, Output, and Productivity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(6), pages 1393-1414, November.
    6. Saeed Al-Muharrami, 2008. "An examination of technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies in GCC banking," American Journal of Finance and Accounting, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 1(2), pages 152-166.
    7. Seiford, Lawrence M. & Thrall, Robert M., 1990. "Recent developments in DEA : The mathematical programming approach to frontier analysis," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1-2), pages 7-38.
    8. Athanasios Noulas, 1997. "Productivity growth in the Hellenic banking industry: state versus private banks," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(3), pages 223-228.
    9. Berger, Allen N. & Humphrey, David B., 1991. "The dominance of inefficiencies over scale and product mix economies in banking," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 117-148, August.
    10. Canhoto, Ana & Dermine, Jean, 2003. "A note on banking efficiency in Portugal, New vs. Old banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(11), pages 2087-2098, November.
    11. Fried, Harold O. & Knox Lovell, C. A. & Eeckaut, Philippe Vanden, 1993. "Evaluating the performance of US credit unions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(2-3), pages 251-265, April.
    12. Berger, Allen N. & Hunter, William C. & Timme, Stephen G., 1993. "The efficiency of financial institutions: A review and preview of research past, present and future," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(2-3), pages 221-249, April.
    13. Oral, Muhittin & Yolalan, Reha, 1990. "An empirical study on measuring operating efficiency and profitability of bank branches," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 282-294, June.
    14. R. D. Banker & A. Charnes & W. W. Cooper, 1984. "Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(9), pages 1078-1092, September.
    15. Chambers, Nurgul & Cifter, Atilla, 2006. "The Effect of Scale on Productivity of Turkish Banks in the Post-Crises Period: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis," MPRA Paper 2487, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Berger, Allen N. & Humphrey, David B., 1997. "Efficiency of financial institutions: International survey and directions for future research," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 175-212, April.
    2. Mai, Nhat Chi, 2015. "Efficiency of the banking system in Vietnam under financial liberalization," OSF Preprints qsf6d, Center for Open Science.
    3. Fadzlan Sufian & Muhd-Zulkhibri Abdul Majid, 2008. "Bank Ownership, Characteristics, and Performance:A Comparative Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia ملكية المصرف، الخصائص والأداء:تحليل مقارن لمصارف إسلامية محلية وأجنبية بماليزي," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 21(2), pages 3-36, July.
    4. Fotios Pasiouras & Aggeliki Liadaki & Constantin Zopounidis, 2008. "Bank efficiency and share performance: evidence from Greece," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(14), pages 1121-1130.
    5. Fakarudin Kamarudin & Bany Ariffin Amin Nordin & Junaina Muhammad & Mohamad Ali Abdul Hamid, 2014. "Cost, Revenue and Profit Efficiency of Islamic and Conventional Banking Sector: Empirical Evidence from Gulf Cooperative Council Countries," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 15(1), pages 1-24, March.
    6. Ralston, Deborah & Wright, April & Garden, Kaylee, 2001. "Can mergers ensure the survival of credit unions in the third millennium?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(12), pages 2277-2304, December.
    7. Bladimir Proaño‐Rivera & José Manuel Feria‐Dominguez, 2024. "Are Ecuadorian banks enough technically efficient for growth? A clinical study," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 2011-2029, April.
    8. Thompson, Russell G. & Brinkmann, Emile J. & Dharmapala, P. S. & Gonzalez-Lima, M. D. & Thrall, Robert M., 1997. "DEA/AR profit ratios and sensitivity of 100 large U.S. banks," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 213-229, April.
    9. Sufian, Fadzlan & Abdul Majid, Muhamed Zulkhibri, 2007. "Bank Ownership, Characteristics and Performance: A Comparative Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia," MPRA Paper 12131, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 01 Jun 2007.
    10. C. Lovell & Shawna Grosskopf & Eduardo Ley & Jesús Pastor & Diego Prior & Philippe Eeckaut, 1994. "Linear programming approaches to the measurement and analysis of productive efficiency," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 2(2), pages 175-248, December.
    11. Kuussaari, Harri, 1993. "Productive efficiency in Finnish local banking during 1985-1990," Research Discussion Papers 14/1993, Bank of Finland.
    12. Michael O. Nyong, 2017. "Relative Efficiency of Commercial Banks in Nigeria: A Nonparametric Mathematical Optimization Analysis," Noble International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, Noble Academic Publsiher, vol. 2(2), pages 27-49, February.
    13. Taylor, William M. & Thompson, Russell G. & Thrall, Robert M. & Dharmapala, P. S., 1997. "DEA/AR efficiency and profitability of Mexican banks a total income model," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 346-363, April.
    14. Sathye, Milind, 2001. "X-efficiency in Australian banking: An empirical investigation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 613-630, March.
    15. Dincer, Hasan & Hacioglu, Umit & Tatoglu, Ekrem & Delen, Dursun, 2019. "Developing a hybrid analytics approach to measure the efficiency of deposit banks," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 131-145.
    16. Bauer, Paul W. & Berger, Allen N. & Ferrier, Gary D. & Humphrey, David B., 1998. "Consistency Conditions for Regulatory Analysis of Financial Institutions: A Comparison of Frontier Efficiency Methods," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 85-114, March.
    17. Pasiouras, Fotios, 2008. "Estimating the technical and scale efficiency of Greek commercial banks: The impact of credit risk, off-balance sheet activities, and international operations," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 301-318, September.
    18. Sufian, Fadzlan & Abdul Majid, Muhamed Zulkhibri & Haron, Razali, 2007. "Efficiency and Bank Merger in Singapore: A Joint Estimation of Non-Parametric, Parametric and Financial Ratios Analysis," MPRA Paper 12129, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 01 Oct 2007.
    19. Haslem, John A. & Scheraga, Carl A. & Bedingfield, James P., 1999. "DEA efficiency profiles of U.S. banks operating internationally," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 165-182, June.
    20. repec:zbw:bofrdp:1993_014 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Fadzlan Sufian & Muhamed-Zulkhibri Abdul Majid, 2007. "Deregulation, consolidation and banks efficiency in Singapore: Evidence from event study window approach and Tobit analysis," International Review of Economics, Springer;Happiness Economics and Interpersonal Relations (HEIRS), vol. 54(2), pages 261-283, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:globus:v:11:y:2010:i:2:p:119-133. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.imi.edu/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.