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Causal Inference in Retrospective Studies

Author

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  • Paul W. Holland

    (Research Statistics Group Educational Testing Service)

  • Donald B. Rubin

    (Harvard University)

Abstract

The problem of drawing causal inferences from retrospective case-control studies is considered. A model for causal inference in prospective studies is reviewed and then applied to retrospective studies. The limitations of case-control studies are formulated in terms of the level of causally relevant parameters that can be estimated in such studies. An example using data from a large retrospective study of coffee-drinking and myocardial infarctions is used to illustrate the ideas of the article.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul W. Holland & Donald B. Rubin, 1988. "Causal Inference in Retrospective Studies," Evaluation Review, , vol. 12(3), pages 203-231, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:evarev:v:12:y:1988:i:3:p:203-231
    DOI: 10.1177/0193841X8801200301
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Granger, C W J, 1969. "Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 37(3), pages 424-438, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alm Bastian & Engel Dirk & Weyh Antje, 2014. "Does Switching to a Western German Employer Still Pay Off?: An Analysis for Eastern Germany," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 234(5), pages 546-571, October.
    2. Tomz, Michael & King, Gary & Zeng, Langche, 2003. "ReLogit: Rare Events Logistic Regression," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 8(i02).
    3. Rose Sherri & van der Laan Mark J., 2008. "Simple Optimal Weighting of Cases and Controls in Case-Control Studies," The International Journal of Biostatistics, De Gruyter, vol. 4(1), pages 1-26, September.

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