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Engage, participate, empower: Modelling power transfer in disadvantaged rural communities

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  • Artur Adam Steiner
  • Jane Farmer

Abstract

A bstract This article explores a process meant to empower disadvantaged communities that have not previously engaged in government-instigated civic projects. Drawing on a large exploratory study of an empowerment project in seven Scottish rural communities, findings include that empowering communities should harness community development techniques that use both external actors and sources of support (i.e. exogenous practices), and those that utilise assets from within the community (i.e. endogenous practices). The paper presents the Engagement-Participation-Empowerment Model showing stages in transferring power from external actors to local communities. The paper highlights that the process of community empowerment starts with engagement and follows with participation – both representing a precondition of community empowerment. The paper indicates that there are limits to which community members are capable of embracing current community empowerment policies and showing that even targeted ‘well-tailored’ community empowerment programmes might fail. Implications of the study for further research and policy are identified.

Suggested Citation

  • Artur Adam Steiner & Jane Farmer, 2018. "Engage, participate, empower: Modelling power transfer in disadvantaged rural communities," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 36(1), pages 118-138, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envirc:v:36:y:2018:i:1:p:118-138
    DOI: 10.1177/2399654417701730
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Steve Rolfe, 2016. "Divergence in Community Participation Policy: Analysing Localism and Community Empowerment Using a Theory of Change Approach," Local Government Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(1), pages 97-118, January.
    2. Jane Farmer & Artur Steinerowski & Sarah Jack, 2008. "Starting social enterprises in remote and rural Scotland: best or worst of circumstances?," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 6(3), pages 450-464.
    3. Boley, B. Bynum & McGehee, Nancy Gard, 2014. "Measuring empowerment: Developing and validating the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale (RETS)," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 85-94.
    4. Jack, Sarah L. & Anderson, Alistair R., 2002. "The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 467-487, September.
    5. McKeever, Edward & Jack, Sarah & Anderson, Alistair, 2015. "Embedded entrepreneurship in the creative re-construction of place," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 50-65.
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