IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/envirc/v28y2010i1p145-164.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Regulating Design in Singapore: A Survey of the Government Land Sales (GLS) Programme

Author

Listed:
  • Kah-Wee Lee

    (National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; and Department of Architecture, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

Abstract

This paper is a survey of the Government Land Sales (GLS) programme in Singapore as a mechanism through which design aspects of private developments are regulated by the state. By comparing specifications in tender documents with what was eventually built, and tracing how much design weighed in the awarding of tenders, the survey shows how design regulations moved from an experimental phase in the 1960s when controls were sparse and discretionary, to being institutionalised by the 1980s, when controls became comprehensive, precise, and technical. Still, this did not translate planning visions directly into reality, as developers and architects successfully made counterproposals during and after the tender process. By examining the Integrated Resort development at Marina Bay against shifts in political culture and economic conditions in the 1990s, this paper concludes by arguing that the state deployed the GLS programme to procure ‘iconic’ buildings while excluding public involvement from actual design-review processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Kah-Wee Lee, 2010. "Regulating Design in Singapore: A Survey of the Government Land Sales (GLS) Programme," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 28(1), pages 145-164, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envirc:v:28:y:2010:i:1:p:145-164
    DOI: 10.1068/c08132
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/c08132
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1068/c08132?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Gavin Shatkin, 2014. "Reinterpreting the Meaning of the ‘Singapore Model’: State Capitalism and Urban Planning," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(1), pages 116-137, January.
    2. Kah-Wee Lee, 2014. "Feeling like a State: Design Guidelines and the Legibility of ‘Urban Experience’ in Singapore," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(1), pages 138-154, January.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:envirc:v:28:y:2010:i:1:p:145-164. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.