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Segmenting the city: McDonald’s, the Metro, and the mobilization of the middle classes underground

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  • Bruce O’Neill

Abstract

Following Romania’s accession into the European Union (EU) in 2007, a wave of foreign direct investment quickly transformed its capital city, Bucharest, into a global leader in business services. With this new economy came new middle classes whose turn toward auto-mobility materially overwhelmed the city center. To preserve the quality and character of the city, urban planners and bureaucrats proposed to “mobilize†the middle classes underground by incorporating global brands, such as McDonald’s, inside Metro stations. This essay details these ongoing efforts to segment vertically the city above from the city belowground, professional elites from the middle classes, through an analysis of the staged materiality of two McDonald’s restaurants located one beneath the other. How and to what effect, this essay asks, is the urban underground staged to mobilize the middle classes? This is a historical and ethnographic line of inquiry taken from Bucharest that resonates with cities the world over, where the demands of development have pushed cities not just upwards into the sky, and outwards toward the periphery, but also deep underground in ways that vertically segment the experience of urban life.

Suggested Citation

  • Bruce O’Neill, 2020. "Segmenting the city: McDonald’s, the Metro, and the mobilization of the middle classes underground," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 52(7), pages 1313-1331, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:52:y:2020:i:7:p:1313-1331
    DOI: 10.1177/0308518X20906169
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elena Ion, 2014. "Public funding and urban governance in contemporary Romania: the resurgence of state-led urban development in an era of crisis," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 7(1), pages 171-187.
    2. Michele Lancione, 2019. "Weird Exoskeletons: Propositional Politics and the Making of Home in Underground Bucharest," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(3), pages 535-550, May.
    3. Hans‐Joachim Bürkner & Silviu G. Totelecan, 2018. "Assemblages of Urban Leisure Culture in Inner‐City Bucharest," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(5), pages 786-806, September.
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