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Transition towards Sustainable Cities: Opportunities, Constraints, and Strategies in Planning. A Neighbourhood Ecodesign Case Study in Barcelona

Author

Listed:
  • Ramon Farreny
  • Jordi Oliver-SolÃ
  • Marc Montlleó
  • Enric EscribÃ
  • Xavier Gabarrell
  • Joan Rieradevall

Abstract

Despite covering only 2.7% of the world's total surface area, the world's cities are responsible for 75% of the world's energy consumption and 80% of greenhouse-gas emissions. For this reason, the redesign of cities is essential in the transition towards sustainability. However, planning and designing sustainable neighbourhoods is not a simple task, given that there is no agreement on what the sustainable settlement should be, nor on how this should be achieved. Furthermore, planners have to strive to achieve a balance between financial, environmental, and social goals, and must deal with multiple actors and stakeholders and with site-specific characteristics. The aim of this work is to describe the key determining factors—both opportunities and constraints—found in the process of designing and planning a neighbourhood, based on a case study in the city of Barcelona. In this practical experiment, led by the authors, the ecodesign methodology was applied on an urban scale in the neighbourhood of Vallbona, Barcelona, which occupies an area of 32.6 ha and will host 2120 dwellings. From this neighbourhood ecodesign exercise, it was found that territorial (urban form, urban fabrics, and density; availability of local resources), financial, legal, and political (local government's wishes and leadership) determinants are the most important. It is concluded that there is no single path to achieve urban sustainability, since the design of neighbourhoods in different locations will lead to different results.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramon Farreny & Jordi Oliver-Solà & Marc Montlleó & Enric Escribà & Xavier Gabarrell & Joan Rieradevall, 2011. "Transition towards Sustainable Cities: Opportunities, Constraints, and Strategies in Planning. A Neighbourhood Ecodesign Case Study in Barcelona," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 43(5), pages 1118-1134, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:43:y:2011:i:5:p:1118-1134
    DOI: 10.1068/a43551
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jordi Oliver‐Solà & Montserrat Núñez & Xavier Gabarrell & Martí Boada & Joan Rieradevall, 2007. "Service Sector Metabolism: Accounting for Energy Impacts of the Montjuic Urban Park in Barcelona," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 11(2), pages 83-98, April.
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    3. Kennedy, Christopher & Steinberger, Julia & Gasson, Barrie & Hansen, Yvonne & Hillman, Timothy & Havránek, Miroslav & Pataki, Diane & Phdungsilp, Aumnad & Ramaswami, Anu & Mendez, Gara Villalba, 2010. "Methodology for inventorying greenhouse gas emissions from global cities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(9), pages 4828-4837, September.
    4. Chris Ryan, 2009. "Climate Change and Ecodesign, Part II," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 13(3), pages 350-353, June.
    5. Fragkou, Maria Christina & Vicent, Teresa & Gabarrell, Xavier, 2010. "A general methodology for calculating the MSW management self-sufficiency indicator: Application to the wider Barcelona area," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 54(6), pages 390-399.
    6. Richard J. Green and Michael G. Pollitt, 2008. "Introduction," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Special I), pages 1-2.
    7. Farreny, Ramon & Gabarrell, Xavier & Rieradevall, Joan, 2008. "Energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of a purchase in the retail park service sector: An integrative approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 1957-1968, June.
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    1. Paul Chatterton, 2013. "Towards an Agenda for Post-carbon Cities: Lessons from Lilac, the UK's First Ecological, Affordable Cohousing Community," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(5), pages 1654-1674, September.

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