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The Shape of Space: Applying Geometric Morphometrics to Geographic Data

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  • Robert G Wallace

    (CUNY Graduate School and Department of Biology, City College of New York, Marshak Building, 138th and Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA)

Abstract

Another means is proposed for displaying epistatic change in spatially structured ecologies. The approach uses techniques developed in geometric morphometrics, a relatively new discipline centered on mapping change in bone and other morphologies through evolutionary time across taxa. Warps analysis is introduced and its terms and protocols explained. An example of warps analysis as applied to geographic data is presented. The example focuses on the AIDS epidemic in two boroughs of New York City. Female adult AIDS incidence and percentage newborns exposed to HIV, by zip code for the years 1991 – 98, are used to generate annual configurations within an ecological parameter space. A warps analysis of those configurations indicates a clear shift in the relative positions of Manhattan zip codes during the 1990s. The analysis shows the relative positions of two subareas comprised of Harlem and Lower Manhattan zip codes were displaced in contrary directions in the parameter space with the introduction of antiretroviral combination therapies (HAART). In contrast, a warps analysis of the Bronx's AIDS parameter space shows few definable zip code groupings or temporal trends before or with HAART. The promises and problems in applying warps analysis to geographic data are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert G Wallace, 2002. "The Shape of Space: Applying Geometric Morphometrics to Geographic Data," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 34(1), pages 119-144, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:34:y:2002:i:1:p:119-144
    DOI: 10.1068/a341
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. F. James Rohlf, 1999. "Shape Statistics: Procrustes Superimpositions and Tangent Spaces," Journal of Classification, Springer;The Classification Society, vol. 16(2), pages 197-223, July.
    2. Deborah Wallace & Rodrick Wallace, 2000. "Life and Death in Upper Manhattan and the Bronx: Toward an Evolutionary Perspective on Catastrophic Social Change," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 32(7), pages 1245-1266, July.
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