IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/envira/v29y1997i4p585-609.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Modelling Complexity: Analysing Between-Individual and Between-Place Variation—A Multilevel Tutorial

Author

Listed:
  • N Bullen
  • K Jones
  • C Duncan

Abstract

Geography is centrally concerned with difference and heterogeneity, yet much quantitative modelling has been concerned with finding average or general relationships thereby relegating variability to a single catchall ‘error’ term. Multilevel modelling, in contrast, anticipates complex between-individual and between-place heterogeneity. Previous accounts of the approach have stressed the modelling of higher level, between-place differences, but here the emphasis is placed on the simultaneous consideration of complex variation at all levels. A parade of models is presented each of which considers a particular facet of the model specification. Attention is drawn to the important contrasts between the modelling of categorical and continuous predictors. Illustrative results are provided for variations in British house prices, modelled with the ML n software. An appendix provides an example of the use of this software.

Suggested Citation

  • N Bullen & K Jones & C Duncan, 1997. "Modelling Complexity: Analysing Between-Individual and Between-Place Variation—A Multilevel Tutorial," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 29(4), pages 585-609, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:29:y:1997:i:4:p:585-609
    DOI: 10.1068/a290585
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/a290585
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1068/a290585?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Andrew Bell & Malcolm Fairbrother & Kelvyn Jones, 2019. "Fixed and random effects models: making an informed choice," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(2), pages 1051-1074, March.
    2. Zolnik, Edmund J., 2018. "Effects of additional capacity on vehicle kilometers of travel in the U.S.: Evidence from National Household Travel Surveys," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 1-9.
    3. Zolnik, Edmund J., 2012. "The costs of sprawl for private-vehicle commuters," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 23-30.
    4. Félix Modrego & Dusan Paredes & Gianni Romaní, 2017. "Individual and place-based drivers of self-employment in Chile," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 49(2), pages 469-492, August.
    5. Zolnik, Edmund J., 2015. "The effect of gasoline prices on ridesharing," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 47-58.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:29:y:1997:i:4:p:585-609. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.