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Lower Order Cities and National Urbanization Policies: China and India

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  • T Banerjee
  • S Schenk

Abstract

In this paper, we examine the urbanization history and policies of China and India with a special emphasis on the lower order cities. We consider the proposition that, as the developing countries continue to urbanize at a rapid pace, the lower order cities can play a potentially effective role in guiding future urbanization and in securing a balanced economic and spatial development. Through an examination of the urbanization records, policies, and performance of the lower order cities in these two countries we discuss the ‘top-down’ versus the ‘bottom-up’ approaches to urbanization strategy and national development. We conclude by discussing the nature of the differences between the urbanization policies of China and India and the transferability of the Chinese experience to other contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • T Banerjee & S Schenk, 1984. "Lower Order Cities and National Urbanization Policies: China and India," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 16(4), pages 487-512, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:16:y:1984:i:4:p:487-512
    DOI: 10.1068/a160487
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Swamy, Subramanian, 1973. "Economic Growth in China and India, 1952-1970: A Comparative Appraisal," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 21(4), pages 1-84, Part II J.
    2. World Bank, 1981. "World Development Report 1981," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 5964.
    3. Paine, Suzanne, 1978. "Some reflections on the presence of `rural' or of `urban bias' in China's development policies 1949-1976," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 6(5), pages 693-707, May.
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