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Differentiation in the European Union and beyond

Author

Listed:
  • Liesbet Hooghe

    (Department of Political Science, 2331University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Robert Schuman Centre, 10185European University Institute, Florence, Italy)

  • Gary Marks

    (Department of Political Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Robert Schuman Centre, 10185European University Institute, Florence, Italy)

Abstract

This forum article analyzes differentiation among states in the European Union and among regions within states as a single phenomenon, an arrangement in which one or more constituent units opt out of a common policy. By examining differentiation in a variety of contexts, we seek to shed light on its basic features.

Suggested Citation

  • Liesbet Hooghe & Gary Marks, 2023. "Differentiation in the European Union and beyond," European Union Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 225-235, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:eeupol:v:24:y:2023:i:1:p:225-235
    DOI: 10.1177/14651165221127885
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