Measuring tail operational risk in univariate and multivariate models with extreme losses

This paper considers some univariate and multivariate operational risk models, in which the loss severities are modeled by some weakly tail dependent and heavy-tailed positive random variables, and the loss frequency processes are some general counting processes. We derive some limit behaviors for the value-at-risk and conditional tail expectation of aggregate operational risks in such models. The methodology is based on capital approximation within the Basel II/III framework (the so-called loss distribution approach). We also conduct some simulation studies to check the accuracy of our approximations and the (in)sensitivity due to different dependence structures or to the heavy-tailedness of the severities.