Periodization of family and demographic policy development in post-Soviet Russia[Периодизация Развития Семейной И Демографической Политики В Постсоветской России]

In the post-Soviet period, when Russia became the sovereign state, its family policy has gone through several periods. Some periods were characterized by its development, others – by stagnation at the level of the previously adopted measures. Family policy measures at each stage either responded to the goals of demographic problems or required updating. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to structure the legal framework for regulating state family and demographic policy in 1992–2021 in the Russian Federation and the Komi Republic. Besides, it also evaluates the significant demographic indicators in the periods, differing in the range of measures of the state support for family, motherhood and childhood. The research uses the methods of historical, legal and demographic descriptive analysis, and identifies a dialectical relationship between changes in the directions of demographic and family policy and the dynamics of fertility processes. The article reveals five periods of development of the state family and demographic policy in post-soviet Russia. It has been found that in the beginning of the 1990-s the family policy was conservative, targeted mainly at the low-income families. Since the beginning of the 2000-s it acquired a paternalistic character and was aimed at stimulating births of the second, third and other children, solving the housing problem of families with children. After 2017 the policy was updated and included the measures of financial support of low-income families, support of young families with children, and improvement of the housing conditions of families with children. In 2021 the state pays attention to incomplete families. To solve the problem of fertility decline it is necessary: to increase the level of well-being in the society; to solve the problem of poverty; to stop using the minimum wage in calculation of the poverty line and family benefits; to introduce a new indicator, oriented not on the physical survival, but on the satisfaction of a wide range of needs of families with children.