Virtual cluster as a project[Виртуальный Кластер Как Проект]

Purpose. To determine the main content of a virtual organization in the framework of cluster theory from the perspective of the project approach. Methods. The research methodology is based on system and project approaches in terms of defining relations between organizations in the process of their interaction, both physical and virtual. Based on the provisions of the cluster theory, a description of the content of integration of organizations tied to the value chain is constructed. The model of creating mental maps is used as tools for building the main content of virtual organizations. From the point of view of the system approach, the stages of cluster development are determined based on a combination of such attributes of the organization as virtuality, cluster state, and project management. Results. A mental map of a virtual organization was constructed, which allowed us to organize the main characteristics of such an organization, the need for its creation, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the organization as a socio-economic phenomenon. The possibility of creating a cluster based on the principles of virtualization of relations between cluster members is shown. The content of the stages of transition of a venture project to a virtual cluster with network features, and then to a virtual cluster project for the production of a personalized product, as well as the possibility of continuing the development of the cluster in terms of implementing the project of forming a real cluster around a leading organization, is substantiated. Scientific novelty. A distinctive feature of the proposed combination of cluster theory with the project approach and the theory of virtual organizations is to justify the possibility of forming a real cluster as a result of passing through four stages: start-up project, a virtual cluster, cluster for production of a personalized product and production cluster product serial or mass production. In addition, a mental model of a virtual organization is constructed, which is characterized by an ordered representation of the main characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of a virtual organization.