On the issue of the concept of “smart enterprise” in the digital economy[К Вопросу О Понятии «Умного Предприятия» В Цифровой Экономике]

In the context of the development of the digital economy and the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution, there was an interest in the concept of “smart enterprise”, which explains the relevance of the scientific problem – clarifying the content of this concept and highlighting the criteria for classifying enterprises as digital. In the article, the authors aim to identify criteria for classifying organizations as “smart” enterprises at the current stage of development of the digitalization process. To achieve this goal, the types of smart enterprises in Industry 4.0 that exist in foreign and domestic scientific literature are analyzed; their characteristic features and differences are determined; the content of the concept of “smart enterprise” in industry is clarified. The problems and prospects of development of digital industrial enterprises in Russia are also considered. The scientific novelty involves comparing the existing concepts of virtual, digital and smart industries and enterprises of the future reported and highlighting their specific characteristics. The papers of national and foreign researchers, and the methods of system and comparative analysis are used as an information base. The research results included development of a pyramid of concepts that allows to establish the relationship between different types of Industry 4.0, and the allocation of the main criteria of a “smart” companies: unmanned production, data collection using monitors and sensors, the connection mechanisms to the Internet, data storage, cloud services, information processing based on algorithms, big data, human-machine interfaces and digital platforms, flexible integration of all systems. The authors also analyzed the distribution of large companies in Europe by the level of digitalization into five groups, and concluded that only about 10 % of companies are fully digital. In conclusion, on the basis of the refined concepts, the problems and prospects of Russia in the development of Industry 4.0 and the creation of smart enterprises are defined.