Cost efficiency of investments in the context of sustainable development of regions of Russia

The problem of sustainable development of the regions is the most pressing problem of the modern economy. The development of productive forces, the increasing human interference in ecosystems, especially the active development of the Arctic, can cause significant damage to the natural environment. In this regard, the proposed investment projects should be studied carefully. The natural resource potential of the Russian Federation is enormous, so the development of extractive industries is inevitable. The scale of resource production is reaching huge proportions, and the burden on ecosystems is increasing. It should not be forgotten that mostly non-renewable natural resources are extracted, and the natural ecological balance is destroyed, so many researchers are thinking about the problems of "sustainable development," where the economy, nature and man will be balanced. In these circumstances, the most pressing issue is the selection of investment projects and the evaluation of their effectiveness not only in terms of commercialization, but also in minimizing environmental impacts. The methodological basis of the study was such methods of knowledge as analysis and synthesis, generalization, system approach, induction and derivation, graphical methods of research. The objective of the work is to define and reinterpretate investment performance indicators in an environmentally sensitive manner. Environmental impact assessment of investment projects allows to assess projects in terms of their impact on the ecosystem. To analyze the effectiveness of investments, a refined method based on classification characteristics of investment projects is proposed. It is proposed to calculate indicators of ecological-economic efficiency taking into account the damage caused (or possible) to the natural environment. Net discounted income, as the indicator that most clearly determines the economic efficiency of projects, can be transformed into an indicator of environmental-economic efficiency, with the help of "transformed" net discounted income it is possible to actually estimate the impact of the project on the natural environment.