IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ris/qjatoe/0359.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analyzing the Asymmetric Effect of Income per Capita, Capital Inflow, and Oil Price on CO2 Emission in IRAN: NARDL Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Sadeghi, Seyed Kamal

    (Professor of Economics, University of Tabriz)

  • Rashid Aj Aj, Haidar Hamid

    (Phd student in Economics,, University of Tabriz)

Abstract

This study examines the asymmetric effects of per capita income, oil prices, industrial value added, and foreign direct investment on CO2 emissions in Iran through a non-linear distributed lag autoregression model (NARDL) from 1989 to 2023. This study also discusses the pollution safe haven hypothesis and the Kuznets U-shaped curve simultaneously and asymmetrically for Iran. Based on the results of this study, only the per capita income variable has a linear relationship with CO2 emissions, while the other variables have a non-linear relationship. The model results showed that OPEC oil prices have an inverse relationship with pollution emissions only in positive shocks. For the foreign investment variable, only a negative shock positively affects pollution emissions, which indicates that Iran is not a pollution-safe haven for other countries. Also, industrial value added only has a positive effect on positive shocks. On the other hand, per capita income has a negative effect on pollution emissions. Finally, this study's findings showed that the U-shaped Kuznets curve is not true for Iran

Suggested Citation

  • Sadeghi, Seyed Kamal & Rashid Aj Aj, Haidar Hamid, 2025. "Analyzing the Asymmetric Effect of Income per Capita, Capital Inflow, and Oil Price on CO2 Emission in IRAN: NARDL Approach," Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Management and Business, University of Tabriz, vol. 11(4), pages 203-230, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:qjatoe:0359
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ecoj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_19476_6fd0697e29ea70c9c280af9a1e6a16a9.pdf
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Keywords

    co2; NARDL; Kuznets curve;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ris:qjatoe:0359. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sakineh Sojoodi (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/fetabir.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.