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Did the Classical Gold Standard Promote Inflation Convergence?

Author

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  • Miles, William

    (Department of Economics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA)

Abstract

Adherence to the classical gold standard entailed nominal exchange rate rigidity between member countries. A failure of price levels to co-move between members would thus lead to real exchange rate misalignment, with potential trade imbalances and financial crises following. We examine inflation differentials between gold standard (and for comparison, non-gold standard) members. Results indicate generally less correlation of prices across countries than in subsequent Bretton Woods and floating regimes. Examination of inflation differentials indicates a general but not universal pattern of less persistence in these differences during the gold standard than in later monetary regimes. The lesser persistence in differentials, however, might not be attributable to gold adherence, as some of the pairs had a country rarely or never pegged to gold. In addition, previous research has found fewer nominal rigidities in the classical gold standard years, making for easier price adjustment. Finally, we use the sequential panel selection method (SPSM) with panel unit root tests over the gold standard. We find there is no pattern between gold adherence and the persistence of inflation differentials. Overall, results suggest little if any impact of gold adherence on inflation co-movement between countries. Il sistema del gold standard ha favorito la convergenza dell’inflazione? L’adesione al gold standard ha implicato la rigidità del cambio nominale tra i paesi membri. L’incapacità del livello dei prezzi di fluttuare armoniosamente all’interno dei paesi avrebbe pertanto indotto il disallineamento dei tassi di cambio, con conseguenti deficit commerciali e crisi finanziarie. Vengono esaminati i differenti livelli di inflazione tra i paesi appartenenti al gold standard (e per confronto con quelli di paesi non aderenti a questo sistema). In generale i risultati indicano una minore correlazione tra i prezzi dei paesi membri del gold standard rispetto alla correlazione dei prezzi nel periodo del sistema di Bretton Woods o del regime di cambi fluttuanti. Queste stime indicano un modello generale ma non universale di minor persistenza di queste differenze durante il gold standard rispetto ai sistemi monetari successivi. Questa minor persistenza però potrebbe non essere attribuibile all’adesione al gold standard, in quanto, nel calcolo della correlazione, sono state considerate anche coppie di paesi in cui almeno un paese non era membro del gold standard. Inoltre, la ricerca precedente aveva evidenziato la presenza di minori rigidità nominali nel periodo del gold standard, rendendo più semplice l’aggiustamento dei prezzi. Infine, viene utilizzato il metodo sequenziale panel selection (SPSM) con test a radice unitaria per il periodo del gold standard. Non è stata trovata una relazione tra l’adesione al sistema gold standard e il persistere di differenziali di inflazione. In generale, questi risultati suggeriscono che aderire al gold standard, qualora influenzasse i movimenti dell’inflazione tra i paesi, lo farebbe in maniera irrilevante.

Suggested Citation

  • Miles, William, 2025. "Did the Classical Gold Standard Promote Inflation Convergence?," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 78(1), pages 123-146.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0989
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Inflation; Gold Standard; Exchange Rate Regimes;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E30 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
    • N00 - Economic History - - General - - - General

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