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A Note on the Weak Political Support to Pension Reforms

Author

Listed:
  • Beltrametti, Luca

    (Department of Economics, University of Genoa, Italy)

  • Cerruti, Gianluca

    (Department of Economics, University of Genoa, Italy)

Abstract

In the last decades, many advanced countries have implemented reforms that share the goal of making pension systems more sustainable, efficient and fair. These reforms have been spurred, first and foremost, by the aging of populations and the reduction in their growth rates, challenges that have become particularly compelling in the last decade, in the wake of the economic and financial crisis. However, these reforms were not underpinned by strong political support and, after their implementation, many countries have partially reversed the course. In this note, we investigate two possible interpretations of this lack of political support, either from a “political economy” perspective that analyzes the consequences of the aging of the median voter and by examining the shortcomings of the aforementioned reforms from the perspective of gender equality, the radical change in the allocation of risk from the State and firms against workers, and inequalities in life expectancy related to the socioeconomic conditions of individuals. The arguments are supported by data, both international and referred to the Italian context. Una nota in merito alla debolezza del sostegno politico alle riforme pensionistiche Negli ultimi decenni molte nazioni avanzate hanno implementato riforme accomunate dall’obiettivo di rendere più sostenibile, efficiente e giusto il sistema pensionistico. Tali riforme si sono rese necessarie a causa dell’invecchiamento della popolazione e della riduzione dei tassi di crescita economica. Tuttavia, queste riforme – pur riconosciute necessarie dalla grande parte degli economisti – non sono state supportate da un forte sostegno politico e, negli anni successivi all’implementazione, molti paesi hanno parzialmente invertito la rotta. In questa nota, approfondiamo due possibili interpretazioni di tale mancanza di supporto politico, partendo sia da una prospettiva di “political economy”, che analizza le conseguenze dell’invecchiamento dell’elettore mediano, sia da una disamina dei principali difetti delle summenzionate riforme dal punto di vista dell’uguaglianza di genere, del cambiamento radicale nell’allocazione del rischio (dallo stato e dalle imprese verso i lavoratori) e delle disuguaglianze nell’aspettativa di vita associate a diverse condizioni socioeconomiche degli individui. Le tesi qui esposte sono supportate da dati sia internazionali sia riferiti al contesto italiano.

Suggested Citation

  • Beltrametti, Luca & Cerruti, Gianluca, 2022. "A Note on the Weak Political Support to Pension Reforms," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 75(4), pages 429-446.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0929
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vincenzo Galasso & Paola Profeta, 2004. "Lessons for an ageing society: the political sustainability of social security systems [‘Assessing dynamic efficiency: theory and evidence’]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 19(38), pages 64-115.
    2. repec:oup:ecpoli:v:19:y:2004:i:38:p:63-115 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Assaf Razin & Efraim Sadka & Phillip Swagel, 2002. "The Aging Population and the Size of the Welfare State," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 110(4), pages 900-918, August.
    4. Galasso, Vincenzo & Profeta, Paola, 2007. "How does ageing affect the welfare state?," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 554-563, June.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Pension Reforms; Fairness; Sustainability; Political Support; Pay As You Go (PAYG); Defined Benefits (DB); Defined Contribution (DC);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
    • J32 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions

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