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La extracción y consumo de biomasa en México (1970-2003): integrando la leña en la contabilidad de flujos de materiales

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  • Ana Citlalic González Martínez

    (Departament d´Economia i d´Història Econòmica, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, España)

Abstract

La contabilidad de flujos de materiales (MFA por sus siglas en inglés) es un marco analítico que permite explicar cómo se constituye la base material de las economías. Contabilizando los materiales que entran y salen en el sistema económico, esta metodología permite obtener indicadores físicos compatibles con las cuentas nacionales que dan cuenta del impacto ambiental de una economía. El presente documento tiene dos objetivos. Por una parte, analiza la evolución de la extracción y consumo de biomasa en la economía mexicana en el periodo 1970-2003 usando los indicadores físicos MFA, identificando los determinantes de dicha evolución. Durante este periodo la economía mexicana ha sufrido importantes transformaciones y cambios estructurales; de ser una economía muy protegida y con una fuerte intervención del Estado en los años setenta, se ha convertido en una de las economías más abiertas y liberales del mundo. Tal proceso, como da cuenta el análisis, ha afectado la evolución de las actividades relacionadas con la extracción de biomasa en el país. Por otra parte, este documento discute la importancia de contabilizar las actividades orientadas a la subsistencia, como la extracción de leña, que constituyen un flujo de biomasa importante que generalmente no se contabiliza en las cuentas de flujos de materiales al no ser registradas en las estadísticas nacionales. Asimismo, se calcula la extracción directa de leña en México para el año 2002 a partir de los datos obtenidos en la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares Rurales Mexicanos (ENHRUM), complementando así las cuentas de flujos de materiales para ese año.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Citlalic González Martínez, 2007. "La extracción y consumo de biomasa en México (1970-2003): integrando la leña en la contabilidad de flujos de materiales," Revista Iberoamericana de Economía Ecológica, Red Iberoamericana de Economía Ecológica, vol. 6, pages 1-16.
    • Handle: RePEc:rib:revibe:rev6_01
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    3. Ana Citlalic González Martínez, 2007. "Material Flow Accounting of Mexico (1970-2003). Sources and Methods," UHE Working papers 2007_01, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament d'Economia i Història Econòmica, Unitat d'Història Econòmica.
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