Emprendimiento de oportunidad o necesidad en el turismo: El caso de cinco Pueblos Mágicos de México

Resumen:Se relacionan las oportunidades de emprendimiento y la designación de Pueblo Mágico (PM) en cinco localidades. Partiendo de las características de las empresas relacionadas con el turismo, se determina la probabilidad (logit) de que los emprendimientos resulten de oportunidades de negocio. La creación de empresas ha sido más dinámica a partir del reconocimiento como PM, en el caso de Cholula, Puebla; en el resto de los PMs estudiados los resultados no son concluyentes. Se observan emprendimientos importantes en microempresas y autoempleo en el sector informal. La perdurabilidad de los emprendimientos, muestra empresas consolidadas y actores importantes en la dinámica local. Abstract: According to the results, there is evidence to suppose that the creation of enterprises has been more dynamic from the recognition that the locality obtained as a magical town, in the case of the magical town of Cholula, Puebla. In the rest of the Magic Towns that are part of the study, the results are not conclusive.The average partial effects are considered the cases of Cholula and Isla Mujeres because they show evidence of statistical significance in the estimated parameters, the results indicate that the probability that an opportunity firm arises increases by 8% when the firm started operations after the designation of PM.From the descriptive analysis and the statistical exercises that were made based on the proposed discrete choice model, evidence was found to suppose that the creation of firms has been more dynamic since the locality received the appointment of Magic Town, this evidence takes as reference the case of Cholula. However, the permanence of the firms that originated prior to the Magic Town designation are a reference of establishments that have remained in the market is indicative of consolidated enterprises and therefore important players in the local dynamics. On the other hand, significant entrepreneurial activity is observed in the microenterprise and self-employment sector in the informal sector. Since it has been shown that entrepreneurship is one of the best ways for regions to grow economically, it is pertinent to take advantage of the fact that the strategy of Magic Town Program has been successful in aspects of inclusion to strengthen and/or consolidate a local entrepreneurial base. These entrepreneurs are linked to activities in their place of origin that add a sense of identity with the region, Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to small enterprises, microenterprises, and individual self-employment efforts, which have characterized the business structure of the localities and the country, as well as to observe the institutional failures that cause the operation of the informal sector.