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Financiación Local y Corresponsabilidad Fiscal Local: ¿Ganamos con el Nuevo Modelo?

Author

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  • Javier Suárez Pandiello

Abstract

RESUMEN El desarrollo del modelo de descentralización fiscal español ha atravesado desde su inicio por diversas vicisitudes, de las cuales las últimas han ido siempre en la línea de incrementar la corresponsabilidad fiscal de los gobiernos subcentrales, bajo la hipótesis de que este incremento y la consiguiente mejora en la aplicación del principio de equivalencia por parte de los gobiernos tiende a mejorar la eficiencia en la asignación del gasto público. En este artículo se analizan las principales novedades de la reciente reforma del sistema de financiación local haciendo especial hincapié en sus efectos esperados sobre la corresponsabilidad fiscal. Las conclusiones alcanzadas son ambiguas en este sentido, por cuanto la práctica desaparición del IAE para muchos ayuntamientos y los efectos inciertos de la reforma sobre el indicador de esfuerzo fiscal apuntan en la dirección de menor corresponsabilidad fiscal, mientras que la ampliación de los topes máximos de tributación para la mayoría de municipios y la mayor discrecionalidad a la hora de establecer bonificaciones por razones diversas pudieran operar en sentido contrario. En todo caso, se apuntan graves deficiencias técnicas al nuevo modelo y se cuestiona seriamente la equidad y la eficiencia del nuevo modelo de transferencias, cuyo hito principal (la nueva participación en impuestos individualizados para los municipios de mayor dimensión) en modo alguno incrementa la corresponsabilidad fiscal. ABSTRACT The development of Spanish fiscal decentralization model has always aimed to increase the fiscal responsibility of sub-central governments, by hoping that the advances in the principle of equivalence tend to improve the efficiency of public expenditure. In this article the main novelties introduced by the recent reform of local financing system are analyzed, by focusing specially on their expected effects on fiscal responsibility. The conclusions are ambiguous. The eventual suppression of the Business Tax in many councils and the uncertain effects on the fiscal effort index seem to decrease fiscal responsibility. However, the higher availability to allocate reductions in local taxes and the faculty to reach higher rates in those taxes could have the opposite effects. Anyway, important technical deficiencies in the new model are pointed out and equity and efficiency of the new grants system are seriously questioned. Concretely, the main reform by including for the higher municipalities a new share on concrete central taxes (Income Tax, Value Added Tax,...) does not increase at all fiscal responsibility.

Suggested Citation

  • Javier Suárez Pandiello, 2003. "Financiación Local y Corresponsabilidad Fiscal Local: ¿Ganamos con el Nuevo Modelo?," Revista de Estudios Regionales, Universidades Públicas de Andalucía, vol. 2, pages 115-128.
  • Handle: RePEc:rer:articu:v:02:y:2003:p:115-128
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    Cited by:

    1. F. Pedraja-Chaparro & J. Salinas-Jiménez & J. Suárez-Pandiello, 2006. "Financing Local Governments: The Spanish Experience," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper0611, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Hacienda local; Corresponsabilidad fiscal; Transferencias; Reforma Fiscal;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R1 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics

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