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Les valeurs dans la Communauté européenne : l'érosion des extrémismes

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  • Louis Chauvel

Abstract

[eng] Values in the European Community: the erosion of extremisms . In spite of the importance of the stakes, the dynamics of opinions, attitudes and values in Europe are not well-known. Collecting comparable data over a sufficiently long duration is the main difficulty to observe tangible evolutions. This was the motivation forsettingupthe European Values System Study Group, a group of researchers in the sociology of opinions, which has conducted two surveys, in 1981 and 1990, in nine European countries. . Even today, the diversity of values is quite apparent: Some countries are profoundly rooted in the Christianism and others are laicized, some countries have a strong moral rigour and others have permissivity as a principle, some countries put their hope in family, and others ignore this value... . It would thus seem that EC countries have not much in common. Nevertheless, under such an appearance of diversity that would suggest the national autonomy of the systems of values, an unity can be revealed. The dimensions that organise values are common to the whole Europe, because each nation has its modernists and its conservatives, its extremists and its moderates. Moreover, the choice of values in Europe is linked to the same socio-demographic variables: the link between nationality and the choice of value exists, but is is no stronger than the determination by the socio- demographic category. . At last, the evolutions over the last ten years reveal the orientation of Europe towards the pole of moderation. A common structure of values is apparently emerging in Europe. Nevertheless, along the axe that separates moderates and extremists, the differences amongst European nation remains important, and point to the specificity of the German population. [fre] Malgré l'importance des enjeux, la dynamique des opinions, attitudes et valeurs est mal connue en Europe. La principale cause réside en la difficulté de collecter des données comparables concernant les pays européens sur une durée suffisamment longue pour observer des évolutions tangibles. Ce constat a suscité l'entreprise d'un groupe européen de recherche sur les valeurs, l'European Values Study, qui réalisa deux enquêtes, en 1981 et 1990, portant sur neuf pays européens. . Aujourd'hui encore, la diversité des valeurs est évidente : des pays profondément enracinés dans le christianisme et des pays laïcisés, des pays où la rigueur morale est forte, et d'autres où la tolérance est édifiée en principe, des pays attachés à la famille, d'autres pour lesquels elle ne compte pas,.... . Rien ne serait donc commun aux pays d'Europe. Pourtant, sous cette apparente diversité qui suggérerait l'autonomie nationale de l'univers des valeurs, une unité se révèle. Les dimensions suivant lesquelles s'organisent les valeurs sont communes à l'Europe, puisque chaque nation comporte ses modernistes et ses conservateurs, ses extrémistes et ses modérés. Ces choix de valeurs, en outre, s'expliquent sensiblement par les mêmes variables socio-démographiques : l'appartenance nationale est influente, mais elle est d'une force comparable à la détermination par le statut social. . Il s'avère, enfin, que les évolutions sur dix ans montrent l'orientation de IJEurope vers le pôle de la modération. Une structure de valeurs communes à l'ensemble de l'Europe émerge, Reste que, sur l'axe qui différencie les modérés des extrémistes, les différences nationales restent importantes, et mettent en évidence une population allemande problématique.

Suggested Citation

  • Louis Chauvel, 1993. "Les valeurs dans la Communauté européenne : l'érosion des extrémismes," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(1), pages 93-134.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1993_num_43_1_1300
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1993.1300
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1993.1300
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    1. Maria Mercanti-Guérin, 2009. "Menaces sur les marques et (re)constructions identitaires Le cas des collectifs de défense de la moutarde de Dijon," Post-Print hal-02056939, HAL.

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