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Bulgarie : les difficultés d'une transition balkanique

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  • Jacky Fayolle

Abstract

[eng] Bulgaria : Difficulties of a Transition in the Balkans . Jacky Fayolle. In Bulgaria, a resolute and coherent set of decisions had been made as early as the beginning of 1991 in order to stabilise and adjust the economy. The main objectives were to reduce imbalances resulting from the previous social and economic system and to create conditions favorable to the surge of a market economy. Those decisions were made at a time when COMECON was collapsing while Bulgaria was plagued by an important external debt. It has therefore been difficult for that country to find its place in worldwide trade and on international financial markets. The « big bang » through which prices were liberalised under a strong external financial constraint has lead to immediate difficulties in coping with the goal of macro-economic stabilisation. Things are made even more difficult by the resilience of behaviours inconsistent with a market economy. Micro-economic adaptation is slow while the households situation is quickly deteriorating. In that context, structural reforms appear as a distant goal. . The analysis of general business conditions is founded on the statistical data available at the present time. They are partial and fragile. Still, the statistical system has been rapidly developped during the past two years as an answer to the needs expressed by the authorities in charge of economic policies. The problems attached to the figures are one illustration of the problems of the economy itself. [fre] En Bulgarie, l'engagement résolu et cohérent d'une politique de stabilisation et d'ajustement, visant à résorber les déséquilibres hérités de l'ancien système socio-économique et à créer les conditions de réformes structurelles ouvrant la voie à l'économie de marché, date du début de l'année 1991. Cet engagement est ainsi simultané à l'impact de l'effondrement du CAEM et porte le fardeau d'une lourde dette externe, qui obère la capacité d'insertion de l'économie bulgare dans les circuits financiers internationaux. Le « big-bang », inauguré par la politique de libéralisation des prix et de recherche d'ancrages nominaux, interfère avec la dureté des chocs et de la contrainte financière externes pour modeler un cheminement conjoncturel qui témoigne des difficultés de la stabilisation macroéconomique. Ces difficultés renforcent la persistance des comportements associés au système antérieur et l'adaptation microéconomique reste lente, sans que soit pour autant évitée une dégradation prononcée de la situation des ménages. Ce contexte complique les conditions de mise en oeuvre des réformes structurelles, dont l'horizon de maturation reste éloigné. . L'analyse du mouvement de l'économie bulgare sur les deux années 1991 et 1992 s'appuie sur les séries statistiques de nature conjoncturelle, encore très courtes, fragiles et partielles, dont peuvent disposer les économistes et les responsables bulgares eux-mêmes. L'élaboration de telles données a cependant sensiblement progressé depuis deux ans, en réponse à la sollicitation exercée par les besoins d'information de la politique économique. Le caractère imparfait et mouvant de l'information statistique constitue au demeurant un des traits de la mutation du système socio-économique

Suggested Citation

  • Jacky Fayolle, 1992. "Bulgarie : les difficultés d'une transition balkanique," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 42(1), pages 159-197.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1992_num_42_1_1292
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1992.1292
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1992.1292
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stanimir Barzashki, 1992. "Employment and Unemployment in the Process of Stabilization," Working paper series 61992en, Agency for Economic Analysis and Forecasting.
    2. Reneta Injova, 1992. "Privatization in Bulgaria," Working paper series 101992en, Agency for Economic Analysis and Forecasting.
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