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D'étroites marges de manoeuvres pour l'Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE
  • Philippe Sigogne
  • Monique Fouet
  • Françoise Milewski
  • Michael Cocker
  • Alain Gubian

Abstract

[eng] Economic developments have been less spectacular in Europe than in the United States over the past two years, but have probably laid firmer foundations for sustained growth. Strict fiscal policies have indeed resulted in the beginnings of a decline in structural deficits but have also hindered growth thus leaving room for large increases in unemployment. Moreover, as monetary policies have remained tight, inflation rates have been substantially reduced despite the persistant rise of the dollar. Economic policies will probably remain cautious in the coming months although external factors should be less constraining. Growth, albeit moderate, will therefore continue in Europe whereas in the United States the slowdown will continue and could eventually turn into a mild recession. In France, output increased in 1984 thanks to agricultured production and buoyant exports. Domestic demand remained otherwise sluggish owing to restrictive fiscal and monetary policy. In contrast, over the coming 18 months, the various components of demand will grow at more comparable rates. Monetary policy will remain restrictive but private consumption should benefit from tax cuts. Corporate sector investment will increase although the improvement in profits will be less marked than in 1984. Growth in exports will be limited by the slowdown in the United States. [fre] Les pays européens ont enregistré au cours des années récentes des performances moins spectaculaires que celles des États-Unis, mais peut-être garantes d'une croissance plus équilibrée à moyen terme. Les politiques budgétaires ont été strictes, ce qui a freiné la progression de l'activité économique et laissé s'accroître le chômage, mais a permis d'amorcer la réduction des déficits structurels. Combinées à des politiques monétaires restrictives, elles ont provoqué un ample mouvement de désinflation malgré le handicap constitué par l'appréciation du dollar. Au cours des prochains trimestres les politiques économiques européennes demeureront vigilantes, mais seront confrontées à une contrainte extérieure moins forte. Notre continent pourrait alors poursuivre une croissance modérée, tandis que les États- Unis tendraient vers la stagnation, puis une légère récession. En France, alors que la demande intérieure, contrainte par les politiques budgétaire et monétaire, a stagné en 1984, l'activité s'est néanmoins accrue grâce au développement des exportations et à une forte production agricole. Au cours des prochains dix-huit mois, en revanche, les croissances des diverses composantes de la demande auront tendance à s'uniformiser ; la politique monétaire restera restrictive, mais la politique budgétaire en particulier fiscale s'infléchira et soutiendra ainsi la consommation des ménages ; les entreprises, dont l'amélioration de la situation financière fut importante en 1984, développeront leurs dépenses d'investissement, même si le redressement des profits est moins soutenu. Le ralentissement américain limitera l'expansion des exportations. A la suite de cette chronique une variante envisage les effets d'une baisse éventuelle du dollar.

Suggested Citation

  • Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE & Philippe Sigogne & Monique Fouet & Françoise Milewski & Michael Cocker & Alain Gubian, 1985. "D'étroites marges de manoeuvres pour l'Europe," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 11(1), pages 5-99.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1985_num_11_1_1018
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1985.1018
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1985.1018
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