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Emploi des seniors : bilan et perspectives

Author

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  • Amandine Brun-Schammé
  • Véronique Janod

Abstract

[eng] Senior Employment: Overview and Prospects . This article provides an overview of the evolution of the senior workforce in France since 1975 by investigating the main determinants of employment for 50 to 64-year olds. The mid-1990s is found to be a turning point during which the increasing concentration of economic activity on middle-aged workers (30-49) came to a halt and the declining employment share of senior workers stabilized at its lowest level. However, in 2005, the employment rate for over 60-year olds in France was still the lowest in the EU-25. While the productivity of seniors does not seem to play a significant role, the behaviors and attitudes formed after thirty years of access to pre-retirement plans most likely have contributed to the low employment share of seniors in the labor market. International comparisons, however, call for a better understanding of income patterns at the very end of careers. This retrospective look at the senior workforce over the past thirty years suggests that keeping older workers in the labour market, as is the goal of retirement benefit reform, will be more costly if pre-retirement plans result in the production process being made irrevocable unfavorable for senior workers. [fre] Cet article offre une synthèse de l'évolution de la place des travailleurs âgés dans l'emploi en France depuis 1 975 et s'interroge sur les principaux facteurs conditionnant leur activité. Le milieu des années 1990 apparaît comme une période charnière au cours de laquelle le mouvement de concentration de l'activité sur la génération des âges médians (30-49 ans) semble s'être interrompu, au vu de la stabilisation du taux d'emploi des 50-64 ans à son faible niveau de 1995. Toutefois, le taux d'emploi des 60-64 ans en France demeure en 2005 le plus bas de l'Union européenne à 25. Si les caractéristiques productives des seniors n'apparaissent pas être à même d'expliquer leur faible taux d'emploi, les réflexes et attitudes induits par trente ans d'accessibilité aux dispositifs de préretraite semblent avoir contribué à leur désaffection sur le marché du travail. Néanmoins, les comparaisons internationales invitent à mieux comprendre l'évolution salariale en toute fin de carrière. Ce regard rétrospectif sur la place des seniors dans l'emploi depuis trente ans souligne que leur maintien en activité, souhaité par les réformes du système de retraites par répartition, sera plus coûteux s'il s'avère que l'usage des préretraites a contribué à un mouvement plus large de modification du processus productif, défavorable aux seniors et difficilement réversible.

Suggested Citation

  • Amandine Brun-Schammé & Véronique Janod, 2007. "Emploi des seniors : bilan et perspectives," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(2), pages 81-102.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_2007_num_22_2_1649
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.2007.1649
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.2007.1649
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