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Croissance et inégalités dans un modèle Nord-Sud

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  • Rodrigue Mendez

Abstract

[fre] Croissance et inégalités dans un modèle Nord-Sud. . Deux types d'explications sont proposés habituellement pour rendre compte du creusement des inégalités dans les vingt dernières années : a) un progrès technique biaisé (c'est-à-dire se traduisant par l'adoption de technologies plus intensives en capital humain) ; b) la concurrence accrue des pays à bas salaires. Nous construisons un modèle de croissance Nord-Sud où l'innovation et l'imitation sont les deux moteurs de la croissance. Nous y étudions en particulier l'impact d'un accroissement de la qualité des innovations, de l'efficacité des chercheurs du Nord et des imitateurs du Sud sur les taux de croissance et d'imitation, ainsi que sur les inégalités salariales. Nous présentons aussi une variante du modèle, qua­lifiée d'européenne, où les salaires relatifs sont fixes dans le Nord. Ceci nous permet d'étudier l'impact du progrès technique et de la concurrence des pays à bas salaires sur le chômage, ainsi que les conséquences, en termes de croissance et de chômage, d'une modification de la norme salariale dans le Nord. [eng] Growth and inequality in a North-South model. . Two hypothesis have been advanced to account for the rising wage inequality of the last twenty years : a) skill-biased technological progress (toward the adoption of human capital intensive technologies) and b) growing international trade with low-wage countries. We build a North-South growth model where the invention of new products by northern entrepreneurs and their imitation by their southern counterparts are the twin engines of growth. Then we study the impact of a variation of the model structural parameters (such as the quality of innovations or the efficiency of northern researchers and southern imitators) on growth, imitation and the relative wages of skilled and unskilled workers of the two regions. We also present a « European » version of the model where relative wage rigidity may lead to unemployment in the North. This allows us to link northern unemploy­ment and growth to the above mentioned structural parameters as well as to the northern wage norm.

Suggested Citation

  • Rodrigue Mendez, 1997. "Croissance et inégalités dans un modèle Nord-Sud," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(5), pages 1241-1263.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1997_num_48_5_409939
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1997.409939
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1997.409939
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