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Préférences individuelles et calcul de la taxe optimale

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  • Brigitte Desaigues
  • Ari Rabl
  • Paul Zagamé

Abstract

[eng] Individual preferences and calculation of optimal tax . . In a closed economy the optimal pollution tax is equal to the marginal social cost caused by the pollution ; that is the lesson of the theory of externalities. The main obstacle for the calculation of this tax has long been the evaluation of the marginal cost based on individual preferences. Today valuation methods such as the travel cost method, the hedonic priee method, and the contingent valuation method allow us to approximate the environmental damage, whether it corresponds to a use value or a non-use value of the environmental good. But numerous problems remain, especially with regard to the transferability of values and the estimation of effects on morbidity or mortality. We illus trate these difficulties with study currently in progress the evaluation of the external costs of electricity production in France [fre] Préférences individuelles et calcul de la taxe optimale. . En économie fermée, la taxe optimale doit être égale au dommage marginal social causé par l'activité polluante : c'est ce que nous enseigne la théorie des effets externes. Le principal obstacle au calcul de la taxe a longtemps été l'évaluation du dommage marginal basé sur la prise en compte des préférences indivi­duelles. Aujourd'hui, les méthodes d'évaluation (méthode des coûts de déplacement, méthode des prix hédonistes, méthode d'évaluation contingente) permettent d'approximer ce dommage, qu'il corresponde à une valeur d'usage ou de non-usage des actifs naturels. Mais de nombreux problèmes subsistent encore notamment au niveau du transfert des valeurs, et de l'estimation des coûts liés à l'évaluation des effets sur la morbidité et sur la mortalité. C'est ce que nous montrons à travers un exemple : l'estimation du coût externe de l'énergie en France.

Suggested Citation

  • Brigitte Desaigues & Ari Rabl & Paul Zagamé, 1994. "Préférences individuelles et calcul de la taxe optimale," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 45(3), pages 917-930.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1994_num_45_3_409582
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