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L'industrialisation de la France de 1789 à 1815. Un essai de bilan

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  • Denis Woronoff

Abstract

[fre] L'industrialisation de la France de 1789 à 1815. Un essai de bilan . . La guerre et la Révolution ont gravement perturbé l'industrialisation de la France mais d'une façon inégale, discontinue. A l'effondrement du lin et du chanvre s'oppose l'essor remarquable de l'industrie cotonnière. La crise révolutionnaire est résorbée dès le Consulat, dans la sidérurgie et le charbon : ici l'Empire marque une vraie croissance. Enfin, le développement de Paris, capitale du coton, de la mécanique et de la chimie, symbolise le succès d'un nouvel axe continental face à la désindustrialisation de la façade atlantique et de son arrière-pays. L'innovation technique paraît différée ; en revanche, l'amélioration des procédés classiques fait progresser la productivité. Les acteurs de l'industrialisation, patrons, ouvriers, Etat, établissent entre eux, pendant cette période d'exception, de nouveaux rapports de force et de droit, qui auront des prolongements durables. Mais les valeurs dominantes de la société restent peu accueillantes à l'entreprise et au capital mobilier ; elles sont encore terriennes. [eng] French of the industrialisation of 1789 to 1815. . French wars and Revolution have deeply disturb industrialization, but in an irregular and discontinuous way. While linen production is collapsing, coton industry rises remakably. Revolutionnary crisis has been solved, as far back as the Consulat period, in iron and coal industries.. From that point, the First Empire is the era of a real growth. The development of Paris as capital of coton industry, engineering works and chemistry symbolizes the success of a new continental axis, opposite to the desindustrialization of the Atlantic coast and of its hinterland. Technological innovation seems to be put off. In return, as classical operating procedures are improving, productivity increases. The participants of industrialization-employers, workers, State, create, during this period of emergency, a new balance of power and lawiulness which last decades after. But, faithful to its own values, French society still prefers land estates to firms or stocks and shares.

Suggested Citation

  • Denis Woronoff, 1989. "L'industrialisation de la France de 1789 à 1815. Un essai de bilan," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(6), pages 1047-1060.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1989_num_40_6_409184
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1989.409184
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1989.409184
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