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Les échanges technologiques mondiaux

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  • Catherine Huguel

Abstract

[fre] Les échanges technologiques mondiaux se sont profondément modifiés au cours des années 70. Après une période d'expansion accompagnée d'importants investis­sements en recherche et développement dans des secteurs comme la défense, l'aérospatiale ou l'informatique, les années 70 marquent une pause. La position des Etats-Unis s'affaiblit : les investissements américains à l'étranger progressent moins rapidement que ceux des étrangers aux U.S.A. Le contenu technologique des exportations américaines s'appauvrit et en 1977 un premier déficit commer­cial apparaît pour les produits à forte intensité de recherche (FDT). A l'inverse, le Japon fait un bon technologique en avant caractérisé par une progression remar­quable de toutes ses composantes de diffusion technique. L'Europe des neuf, premier exportateur mondial de produits à FDT enregistre une progression sensible. Les pays en voie de développement commencent à vendre de la technologie sous forme de produits finis.. L'internationalisation croissante des économies fait passer les échanges techno­logiques d'un monde unipolaire après la guerre (U.S.A.) à un monde multipolaire aujourd'hui. [eng] The international flows of technology. Catherine Huguel. World technical flows know important changes during seventies. After increasing fastly because of high research and development expenditures in defense, computer and space sectors, deceleration is noticed. The position of the USA decreases : US investments abroad grow quite slowly in comparison with foreign investments in the States. The technology content of US exports gets poorer and in 1977 US economy knows its first trade deficit for high technology products. On the contrary, Japon improves its position. All the components of its diffusion (investment, technical assistance, high technology products and technology receipts) increase rapidly.. EFC, first world trader of high technology products knows gradual improvment. Developing countries start exporting technology in the form of products growing internationalization of economics transforms technical flows from a single center-world (USA) to a multicenterworld.

Suggested Citation

  • Catherine Huguel, 1981. "Les échanges technologiques mondiaux," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 32(5), pages 923-949.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1981_num_32_5_408623
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1981.408623
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1981.408623
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