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Les politiques « d'ajustement positif » dans la Communauté européenne

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  • Robert Maldague

Abstract

[fre] Les mutations sectorielles ont été à la fois moteur et résultat de la croissance économique forte et soutenue de l'après-guerre. Aujourd'hui, elles ont pris une ampleur nouvelle, mais se heurtent à des contraintes croissantes, dont la moindre n'est certes pas l'enlisement des économies occidentales dans la croissance lente.. La première condition de succès des politiques d'ajustement positif est donc l'adoption d'une stratégie économique à moyen terme qui, basée à la fois sur une restauration de la compétitivité des entreprises et un soutien sélectif de la demande, recrée les conditions d'une croissance plus soutenue et d'une reprise de l'investissement industriel.. Parallèlement, il importe de revoir l'orientation de certaines politiques horizontales et de les mettre davantage au service du redéploiement industriel : il s'agit notam­ment de la politique du taux de change, de la fiscalité des entreprises et des modes de financement de la sécurité sociale. . Au niveau des politiques spécifiques, il convient à la fois :. ― de renforcer l'efficacité ponctuelle des principaux instruments utilisés : l'aide à la R-D et la politique de formation et de réadaptation professionnelles méritent à cet égard une attention privilégiée ;. ― d'améliorer la transparence, la coordination et le suivi de ces politiques.. La Communauté européenne doit elle-même jouer un rôle plus actif dans les processus d'ajustement positif, en étendant son action aux domaines ou secteurs où, elle seule, peut fournir le cadre de cohérence indispensable et réduire les risques et gaspillages inhérents aux efforts isolés des Etats membres. [eng] Positive adjustement policies in the European community. Robert Maldague. The sectoral changes were at the same time the driving power and the result of the strong and sustained economic growth after the IInd World War. Nowadays, they have reached a new dimension, but they corne up agaimt increasing restraints, of which f.i. the fact that the Western economies sink into the slow growth, certainly is not the least important.. The first condition for the succes of the positive adjustement policy therefore is the adoption of a middle term economic strategy recreating, on the basis of a restoring of the competition power of the enterpris'es on the one hand and of a selective support of the demand on the other, the conditions for a more sustained growth and a recovery of the industrial investments.. At the same time, it is essential to re-examen the orientation of certain horizontal policies and to put them more at the service of the industrial reorganization : amongst others the policies concerning the exchange rate, the taxation of the enterprises and the ways of financing the social security are concerned. As far as the specific policies are concerned, it is necessary :. ― to strengthen the specific effectiveness of the principal instruments applied :. the aid to R-D and the vocational training and retraining policy observe a special attention ;. ― to improve the transparency, the co-ordination and the follow-up of these policies.. The European Community itself should play a more active role in this positive adjustment process by spreading its action in those areas or sectors where the Community alone can create the necessary coherence frame and reduce the risks and wastings inherent to the isolated efforts of the member States.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Maldague, 1981. "Les politiques « d'ajustement positif » dans la Communauté européenne," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 32(4), pages 625-635.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1981_num_32_4_408612
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1981.408612
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1981.408612
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