Author
Abstract
[eng] A game theory approach to international economic relations. Christian Stoffaes. Game theory concepts, such as dissuasion, cooperation, cartels and coalitions, etc. can be usefully applied to a better understanding of those economic relations, where pure and perfect competition analysis is irrelevant.. Cooperative games provide a conceptual tool for neo-mercantilist trade and organized free trade between nation-states having contrasted economic policy objectives and varions levels of development. Even if free trade is mutually beneficial, individualiste strategies involving non economic objectives often lead to protectionism : compensation mechanisms are necessary to guarantee international economic cooperation.. Coalitions theory is used to describe the logic of regional economic blocks, which may comtitute an alternative to worldwick multilateral free-trade. Finally, the new structure of the world oil market is modelized through three different approaches. Under free competition, the optimal price of crude oil should increase exponentially, from a present level of 10 $, to adjust in due time to the cost of substitute sources in its various uses, when substitution becomes necessary. But price levels under competitive conditions is intrinsecally unstable and has to be regulated. The duopolistic model shows that producers and consumers have a common interest to cooperate in the long run, instead of pursuing confrontation strategies, involving high price levels and substitution crash programs.. The model with three players exhibits the relative strenghs of the coalitions involving respectively the dovish-producers and the hawkish-producers (OPEC) and the dovish-producers and the consumers (U.S.-Saudi Arabia). It also shows the mutual benefit resulting from a world energy agreement compared to indivi-dualistic confrontation strategies. [fre] Les concepts de la théorie des jeux, tels que dissuasion, coopération, cartels et coalitions etc., peuvent utilement servir à la compréhension des relations économiques qui ne relèvent pas de la concurrence parfaite.. La théorie du jeu coopératif permet une représentation de l'échange néo-mercan-tiliste et de la notion de libre-échangisme organisé entre Etats-nations ayant des objectifs de politique économique et des niveaux de développement différents. Même si le libre-échange est mutuellement bénéfique, les stratégies individuelles conduisent souvent au protectionnisme : il faut des mécanismes de compensation pour garantir la coopération économique internationale.. La théorie des coalitions donne une image des blocs économiques régionaux, qui peuvent constituer une alternative au libre-échangisme multilatéral à l'échelle mondiale.. Enfin, la modélisation des nouvelles structures du marché pétrolier mondial fait intervenir trois représentations complémentaires. La théorie de la concurrence parfaite montre que le prix optimal du pétrole doit s'élever progressivement, d'un niveau actuel de 10 $ par baril environ pour s'ajuster dans l'avenir au coût des substituts dans les différents usages. Mais le niveau du prix est intrinsèquement instable dans les conditions de concurrence. Le modèle duopolistique montre que producteurs et consommateurs ont intérêt à conclure une entente (instable) sur un schéma progressif de substitution plutôt qu'à jouer des stratégies confronta-tionnelles de prix élevés et de programmes-catastrophes d'indépendance énergétique. Le modèle à trois acteurs permet d'apprécier la stabilité relative des coalitions entre consommateurs et producteurs-colombes (USA-Arabie Saoudite) et entre producteurs-colombes et producteurs-faucons (OPEP) : il montre également l'intérêt mutuel de la recherche d'un accord mondial global sur l'énergie par rapport à des stratégies de confrontation.
Suggested Citation
Christian Stoffaes, 1981.
"Quelques applications de la théorie des jeux aux relations économiques internationales,"
Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 32(2), pages 271-340.
Handle:
RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1981_num_32_2_408594
DOI: 10.3406/reco.1981.408594
Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1981.408594
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