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Politique industrielle et Planification en France

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  • Bernhard Molitor

Abstract

[fre] Les conclusions générales relatives à la politique économique à moyen terme ont évolué de manière sensible en France et en Allemagne Fédérale. Outre-Rhin, la planification française désormais est moins souvent interprétée comme centralisatrice et colbertiste. En France, on s'accorde davantage à reconnaître les changements du monde, la nécessité d'une ouverture sur l'extérieur, les mérites de la concurrence et la variété des pratiques protectionnistes. On peut dire que des pas importants ont été faits, de part et d'autre, vers un langage commun. Parmi les divergences de point de vue qui demeurent, la question de la politique industrielle reste fondamentale. On parle encore en France de « stratégie industrielle » (de la puissance publique) — conception vide de sens en Allemagne Fédérale.. S'il existe une stratégie en matière industrielle, ce ne peut être celle des pouvoirs publics, mais celle des entreprises elles-mêmes. Toute idée de politique sectorielle apparaît donc comme non pertinente, car les structures industrielles doivent évoluer et ne pas être artificiellement protégées ; si intervention publique il doit y avoir, c'est plutôt au niveau régional qu'il faut l'envisager, à condition que soit assurée une transparence maximale.. Les agents essentiels de l'évolution nécessaire des structures industrielles sont l'investissement et l'innovation : on ne saurait les séparer. Dans une optique de moyen terme, le dynamisme des entreprises repose avant tout sur une véritable concurrence, sur la création d'entreprises nouvelles et sur une attitude active des entreprises d'abord — mais aussi des pouvoirs publics — en matière de recherche et d'innovation. [eng] Industrial policy and planning in France. Bernhard Molitor. The general thinking on medium-term economic policy has evolved considerably in both France and West Germany. In West Germany, French planning is now less frequently seen as centralizing and bureaucratie (« colbertiste »). In France, ihere is greater willingness to acknowledge world changea, the need to open up the economy to the outside, the advantages of competition, and the variety of protectionist policies. We can say that important steps have been, on both sides of the Rhine, towards developing a common language.. Among the remaining differences of opinion, industrial policy is still a fundamental issue. The French still speak of the « industrial strategy » (of the govemment), while for the West Germons such a concept is maeningless.. If an industrial strategy doe sexist, it can only exist at the company level, and not at the governmantal level. Thus the notion of a policy for any given industrial sector is irrelevant, since industrial structures must evolve and not be artificially protected. If there must be governmental intervention, it is more at the régional level that it should be considered, and on condition that it be as transparent as possible.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernhard Molitor, 1980. "Politique industrielle et Planification en France," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 31(5), pages 837-852.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1980_num_31_5_408558
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    Cited by:

    1. Ivo Maes, 2002. "On the origins of the Franco-German EMU controversies," Working Paper Research 34, National Bank of Belgium.

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