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Rationalité et identité : vers une alternative à la théorie de la décision dans les organisations

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  • Pierre Huard

Abstract

[eng] mations about choices and consequences, lack of informations about preferences and objectives.. The study of this literature allows us to emphasize the main features on which the thories of organizational rationality are based. To these traditional. caracteristics, are opposed some alternative postulates. Thus, voluntarism of decision is contrasted with non-decision and automatisms, discrimination is contrasted with mimicry, progress is contrasted with identity.. On these new basis, an assumption is advanced which considers that an organization works in accordance with an image of itself ; behavior is not rational, it simply corresponds to this image.. In order to define the image more precisely, we are lead to consider the following dimensions : its composents, its coherence, its symbolic nature, its character of collective représentation. Nevertheless, the image is difficult to grasp because it is implicit. One can only watch the many different interpretations given to it by organizational actors. The image becomes a device as well as a Stake in the System of influence between groups. [fre] L'analyse de la littérature relative à la décision révèle l'existence, d'une part, d'un schéma canonique de la décision rationnelle idéale et, d'autre part, de modèles dérivés qui s'efforcent de rendre compte des comportements, dans des contextes plus réalistes : absence d'information sur les possibilités de choix et sur les consé­quences, absence d'information sur les préférences et les objectifs. L'étude de cette littérature permet de mettre en évidence quelques caractéristiques fondamentales sur lesquelles reposent les théories de la rationalité organisationnelle. A ces caractéristiques on oppose des postulats alternatifs. Ainsi, à l'activisme et au volontarisme de la décision on oppose la non-décision et les automatismes, au comportement discriminant on oppose un comportement mimétique, au progrès on oppose l'identité.. Sur ces nouvelles bases, est développée une hypothèses centrale selon laquelle une organisation fonctionne d'abord par référence à une image d'elle-même ; les comportements ne sont pas rationnels, ils sont simplement conformes à cette image. Afin de préciser la nature de cette image, on est amené à considérer les dimen­sions suivantes : les composantes de l'image, sa cohérence, son caractère symbolique, son caractère de représentation collective.. L'image reste difficile à saisir parce qu'elle est tacite, seules sont manifestes les interprétations biaisées et partisanes que les acteurs donnent de l'image, qui devient un moyen et un enjeu dans le système de relations d'influence entre les groupes.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Huard, 1980. "Rationalité et identité : vers une alternative à la théorie de la décision dans les organisations," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 31(3), pages 540-572.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1980_num_31_3_408537
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1980.408537
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1980.408537
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