Le processus de multinationalisation des grandes banques commerciales

[eng] The multinationalisation process of commercial banks. A view in Industriel Economies Theory. . Until now, economists have paid Utile attention to the multinationalisation process of commercial banks. As they let it depend, essentially, on the internationalisation of activities in other industries, it seems plausible that they could not further explain it. However, given the postulate, that banks are part of an industry similar to any other, it is possible to analyse their multinationalisation with some concepts of Industriel Economies. This article under-lines the particular influence of two factors on the decision of biggest banks to multiply their foreign presences : some special asset owned by the bank and easily transferable abroad, and constraints due to oligopoliste market structure in their respective home countries. It also provides results of empirical studies relating to international assets, profits and loan loss experiences of a sample of 34 american commercial banks, with particular attention paid to the quality of their loan portfolio to developping countries. Conclusions to be drawn conform relatively well with hypotheses of the previous part. [fre] facilement transférable à l'étranger et par les contraintes d'un environnement fortement oligopolistique, dans le pays d'origine, sur la décision des grandes banques de multiplier leurs implantations à l'étranger. Il expose aussi les conclusions d'études empiriques menées sur les résultats (encours d'actifs, profits, pertes) des activités internationales d'un échantillon de 34 banques commerciales américaines, en attachant une importance toute particulière à la qualité du portefeuille de prêts accordés aux pays en voie de développement. Ces conclusions s'accordent de manière satisfaisante avec les hypothèses formulées au point précédent.