Author
Abstract
[eng] Reduction in labor time and unemployment : some considerations based on a model. . To fight employment by reducing the work-time of the indiwdual worker is often proposed and the idea is indeed a seductive one. Based on a rudimentary model, the authors are cible to show that the idea raises some complex considerations and is likely to have less practical success as mere accounting principles might suggest.. The increase in activity rates, as jobs are filled by workers who do not count as unemployed, and the lagged adjustment of firms who seek (at least temporarily) to improve the productivity of their labor force, may cause a lesser fall in unemployment than expected : about 10 to 15 % in the short run and 30 % in the medium term.. International competition rnay also mean that the reduction in labor time would bring about a deterioration of the commercial balance and an economic slowdown, thus further limiting the fall in unemployment. Such unfortunate effects could be more or less intense depending on the precise measures, their effects on prices and capacity, and hence the international competitivity of the economy. In the most unfavorable circumstances of a maintenance of wages per currently employed worker (via a compensatary rise in hourly wage rates] and a proportion, fall in capital utilisation (if there was not a compensatory increase of work on a team oasis, for example), the reduction in unemployment might be only of the order of 5 % in the short run and hardly more important in the medium term. [fre] La flexion des taux d'activité, c'est-à-dire le fait que les emplois créés peuvent être remplis par des personnes ne se déclarant pas chômeurs, et l'ajustement progressif par les entreprises de leurs effectifs, qui entraîne une amélioration au moins transitoire de la productivité du travail, suffisent à amener une diminution du chômage bien inférieure à celle attendue : d'environ 10 à 15 % à court terme et 30 % à moyen terme.. En outre, la concurrence internationale peut venir sanctionner la réduction de la durée du travail par une dégradation de la balance commerciale et un ralentissement économique, et donc une diminution du chômage encore moindre. Les sanctions sont plus ou moins importantes suivant les modalités de la mesure et ses répercussions sur les prix et les capacités de production, et donc la compétitivité de l'économie. Dans le cas le plus défavorable d'une compensation salariale intégrale (c'est-à-dire d'une augmentation proportionnelle des salaires horaires réels) et d'une réduction proportionnelle des durées d'utilisation des équipements (s'il n'y avait pas par exemple d'extension du travail par équipes) la diminution du chômage ne serait plus que de l'ordre de 5 % à court terme, et elle risquerait de n'être pas tellement plus importante à moyen terme.
Suggested Citation
Edmond Malinvaud, 1978.
"Nouveaux développements de la théorie macroéconomique du chômage,"
Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 29(1), pages 9-25.
Handle:
RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1978_num_29_1_408370
DOI: 10.3406/reco.1978.408370
Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1978.408370
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Citations
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Cited by:
- Pierre Dehez & Jean-Paul Fitoussi, 1996.
"Revenu minimum, allocations-chômage et subventions à l'emploi,"
Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 47(1), pages 33-49.
- repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/5652 is not listed on IDEAS
- Pierre Picard, 1981.
"Croissance et inflation dans un modèle de déséquilibres,"
Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 32(6), pages 1013-1044.
- repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5652 is not listed on IDEAS
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