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Le multiplicateur de crédit généralisé : un modèle probabiliste

Author

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  • Jean Marchal
  • Frédéric Poulon

Abstract

[fre] Par « multiplicateur de crédit », on entend un coefficient permettant de calculer le supplément de crédit résultant de l'insertion, dans une économie, d'un supplé­ment de monnaie centrale. Mais dans l'établissement de la formule traditionnelle, on ne fait aucun cas de la diversité des intermédiaires financiers qui sont loin d'être soumis tous aux mêmes obligations. On ne fait aucun cas non plus des différences existant, en pratique, dans les vitesses de rotation des différents types de crédit.. L'objet du papier est double : d'abord montrer que l'on peut, à l'aide d'un modèle probabiliste s'appuyant sur la théorie des chaînes de Markov, retrouver d'une autre manière la formule traditionnelle du multiplicateur ; ensuite montrer que la théorie des processus markoviens permet de généraliser, par étapes, cette formule en renonçant aux hypothèses abusivement simplificatrices que nous avons rappelées. On aboutit ainsi à une formule permettant de serrer la réalité de plus près et d'estimer plus exactement les conséquences d'une insertion éventuelle de monnaie dans l'économie. [eng] A generalized credit multiplier: A Markovian model. . The coefficient referred to by the name of credit multiplier makes it possible to work ouf thé additional amount of crédit which is to appear following the additional injection of high-powered money info an economy. The way this coefficient is traditionally arrived at makes it necessary that one should accept to simplify reality in more than one point. On the one hand on considers only one category of financial intermediaries, thus deliberately ignoring the fact that every one of them does mot get equally easy terms and is not subject to the same obligations. On the other hand on does not allow for the fact that credits rotate at perceptibly varying speeds, according to the category they belong to, as some of the financial intermediaries consider keeping part of their reserves available. This paper is aimed at showing that the formula for the multiplier can be derived through the medium of a probability model. Thus proceeding, it will be possible, without any objections to be raised, to dismiss simplifying theories. Consequently formula can be worked out which makes it possible to get closer reality as well as to assess more accurately the effects of some possible injection of money in the economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean Marchal & Frédéric Poulon, 1976. "Le multiplicateur de crédit généralisé : un modèle probabiliste," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 27(2), pages 200-232.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1976_num_27_2_408258
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1976.408258
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1976.408258
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