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Une erreur de politique économique : la loi de quarante heures de 1936

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  • Jean-Charles Asselain

Abstract

[fre] Une erreur de politique économique : la loi des quarante heures de 1936. . La semaine de 40 heures, revendiquée par les syndicats depuis 1932, pour remédier au chômage et relancer l'économie, a été instituée en France par une loi du 21 juin 1936, aux premiers jours du gouvernement Blum. Le risque le plus sérieux, celui d'une limitation directe (à court terme) de la capacité de production, a d'abord été gravement sous-estime, tant par les adversaires de la réforme que par ses partisans. La loi des 40 heures a été appliquée de l'automne 1936 à l'automne 1938 selon des modalités rigides, dans un climat social tendu, en pleine période de réarmement. Elle a contribué à limiter l'essor de la reprise économique de 1937. Cependant, la violence des attaques dirigées contre « les quarante heures » ne saurait faire oublier que bien d'autres facteurs — notamment l'évasion des capitaux — ont pesé sur la conjoncture française des années 1936-1938. Si la réforme des 40 heures, dans ces circonstances exceptionnellement défavorables, appa­raît comme une erreur économique, on doit sans doute la tenir pour une erreur inévitable. [eng] An economic policy mistake : the 40 hours' week (1936) . . The 40 hours' week, claimed by the trade-unions since 1932 in order to restore full employment and give a new impulse to the economy, was instituted in France by a law of the 21st of June 1936, a few days after the formation of the Blum government. Its main drawback, reducing the maximum production immediately feasible, was first underrated by the supporters of the reform and its opponents as well. The 40 hours law was applied from autumn 1936 to autumn 1938 rigidly, in a tense social climate, right in a period of rearmement. It somewhat hindered the economic recovery of 1937. However, the violent attacks against « the fourty hours » must not obliterate the other factors — especially the outflow of capital — which lay heavily on the French economy of the 1936-1938 years. If the 40 hours reform, in such exceptionally bad circumstances, showed itself an economie mistake, it possibly must be held an unavoidable mistake.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Charles Asselain, 1974. "Une erreur de politique économique : la loi de quarante heures de 1936," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 25(4), pages 672-705.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1974_num_25_4_408167
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1974.408167
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1974.408167
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    Cited by:

    1. Jérémie Cohen‐Setton & Joshua K. Hausman & Johannes F. Wieland, 2017. "Supply‐Side Policies in the Depression: Evidence from France," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 49(2-3), pages 273-317, March.

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