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Pour une nouvelle planification française

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  • Serge-Christophe Kolm

Abstract

[fre] Le Plan français pose de façon aiguë la question du rôle de la planification dans une économie qui, fondamentalement, se veut capitaliste. Dans ce cadre, et compte tenu des nouveaux problèmes de l'économie française (inter­nationalisation, complexification, etc.), il semble douteux que la forme actuelle de la planification française soit celle qu'il faille continuer à l'avenir. En gros, cet article propose de remplacer la projection des réalisations par l'optimation des mécanismes. Seules doivent être projetées par le Plan les grandeurs qu'il est vraiment utile de prévoir longtemps à l'avance au niveau national. Mais il faut surtout assurer que soient en place les mécanismes sociaux aptes à éviter gaspil­lages et injustices. Il faut, d'abord, remédier aux diverses « faillites du marché ». Tel était bien le sens de la belle idéologie de la « planification à la française » inventée par M. Pierre Massé (absence de marchés à terme et conditionnels, consommations collectives, «effets d'entraînement», politique des revenus). Mais certains défauts étaient négligés, comme par exemple les manques de concurrence (et la planification contribuait peut-être même à entraver celle-ci). Le Plan doit systématiquement analyser les défauts possibles du marché et proposer des remèdes. Cette étude n'est pas facile et nombre de ses conclusions sont loin d'être évidentes. Mais peut-être est-ce le seul type de Plan qui puisse se faire admettre dans l'Europe du Marché commun. [eng] French planning acutely raises the question of the role of national economie planning in a basically capitalist economy. Both past. experience and the new setting of the French economy (internationalisation, complexification) call for a new form of planning. Roughly, we propose to replace the projection of achievements by the optimization of mechanisms. The Plan must only project the magnitudes which actually need to be known in advance at the national level. But, basically, the Plan must consist in the systematic remedy to the normative failures of spontaneous non-central social decision processes — among which markets. This is akin to the beautiful ideology set up by Pierre Masse for French planning (absence of generalized futures and contingent markets, collective consumption, investment externalities, incomes policy). But some failures were neglected, such as, notably, imperfect competitions. The deep analysis of the reality and nature of the imperfection of mechanisms is often quite delicate, and its results are often very far from obvious. But this approach already enables us to delimitate the optimal domain, objects and methods of the Plan. Anyway, this kind of planning is likely to be the only one which can impose itself to ail Common Market's nations.

Suggested Citation

  • Serge-Christophe Kolm, 1970. "Pour une nouvelle planification française," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 21(6), pages 918-928.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1970_num_21_6_407946
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