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La répartition des hommes, des activités et des richesses sur le territoire national

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  • Jean-Pierre Le Gléau

Abstract

[fre] Les grandes métropoles, et particulièrement la plus grande d'entre elles, l'agglomération parisienne, attirent à elles toujours plus de population, d'activités, de richesses. Leurs habitants vont souvent s'installer à quelques kilomètres du cœur de la ville, en raison du coût du logement et des nuisances en zone d'habitat concentré, mais aussi pour bénéficier de certains avantages liés à un type de vie urbain à la campagne; mais les emplois restent dans la ville, et disparaissent de plus en plus des zones rurales. . Les régions où se trouvent les plus grandes villes (Paris, Lyon, Marseille) sont celles qui bénéficient de la plus forte croissance de la population et des emplois. La concentration de la population vers l'Ile-de-France est un phénomène ancien, vieux de plus d'un siècle. La stabilisation relative de sa population depuis environ trente ans se fait grâce à un processus, où l'arrivée massive de jeunes actifs ayant quitté leur région de province est compensée par le départ de leurs aînés au moment de la retraite. Ce mouvement d'aspiration- refoulement est en lui-même équilibré, mais il engendre un dynamisme démographique et économique au profit de l'Ile-de-France. Le mécanisme de la croissance des régions Rhône-Alpes et Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur est un peu différent. . Ces trois régions sont aussi à l'origine d'une part considérable des richesses produites en France. Mais leur redistribution auprès des habitants se fait au travers d'un système de transfert profitant essentiellement aux régions agricoles ou en difficulté. Ainsi, le revenu disponible des ménages se trouve-t-il réparti de manière un peu moins inégalitaire que la production. [eng] The big cities, and especially the biggest of them -the urban area of Paris- attract more and more people, economic activities and wealth. The inhabitants frequently settle a few miles away from the center of the city. Thus, they hope to benefit from an urban way of life in the countryside, but jobs still remain in the city, and continue to disappear from rural areas. The regions which include the biggest towns (Paris, Lyons, Marseilles) are those sharing the strongest growth in population and employment. The concentration of people in the Ile- de-France is rather an old story dating back, more than a century now. The relative stabilization of population levels in this region for thirty years has been the result of two movements : a huge flow of young people coming from their regions to find a job, and an important flow of elderly people going back to these regions, when they retire. These two population flows are almost equal in size; but they create a demographic and economic dynamism favourable to the Ile-de-France. The mechanism of the demographic growth of the Rhône-Alpes and the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur regions is rather different. . These three regions account for a large share of the production of wealth in France. The redistribution of this wealth is made through a complex system of transferts, working mainly in favour of the rural areas or of those regions who suffer from economic problems. Thus available household income is slightly less unequally distributed than domestic product.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Le Gléau, 1995. "La répartition des hommes, des activités et des richesses sur le territoire national," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 225(1), pages 8-11.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1995_num_225_1_4702
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1995.4702
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1995.4702
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