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La résistance des régions d'agriculture intensive aux crises de la fin du XIXe siècle : les cas de l'Alsace, du Vaucluse et du Bas-Languedoc

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  • Michel Hau

Abstract

[eng] Since the end of the XVI Nth century, intensive farming regions have suffered from an overpopulation. But they have been able to learn how to organize for the best their production in order to obtain a high return per hectare. To achieve this, their landworkers were obliged to labour longer hours and to face the additional risk of a slump in prices. This intensification of cultivation did not make the peasants more, thanks to the intensity of urban life and trade ; it only allowed them to survive by exploiting smaller and smaller land areas. By choosing this method, which is more difficult than general subsistence farming, they developed the habit of working hard and the ability to innovate which enabled them to react positively at the end of the XlXth century by quickly changing to the products the consumption increased in the cities. [fre] Depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle, les régions d'agriculture intensive souffrent du surpeuplement rural. Mais elles ont su profiter de l'intensité de la vie urbaine et des échanges commerciaux pour s'orienter vers des productions rapportant des recettes élevées à l'hectare. Leurs paysans ont dû pour cela subir un allongement de la durée de leur travail et affronter un risque supplémentaire : les crises de mévente. L'intensification des cultures ne leur a pas permis de s'enrichir, mais seulement de survivre sur des exploitations de plus en plus exiguës. En choisissant cette voie, plus difficile que la polyculture d'autosubsistance, ils ont développé des habitudes de travail et des capacités d'innovation qui leur ont donné le moyen de répondre aux crises de la fin du XIXe siècle par une reconversion rapide vers les produits dont la consommation s'accroissait chez les citadins.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Hau, 1988. "La résistance des régions d'agriculture intensive aux crises de la fin du XIXe siècle : les cas de l'Alsace, du Vaucluse et du Bas-Languedoc," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 184(1), pages 31-41.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1988_num_184_1_3887
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1988.3887
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1988.3887
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    Cited by:

    1. Michel Hau, 2017. "SFour Decades of Study on Growth Disparities across Regions in France: Achievements and Prospects," Working Papers 09-17, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC).

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