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Choix des élus, systèmes d'opposition et enjeux locaux dans les luttes municipales à la campagne

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  • R. Bages
  • J.-Y. Nevers

Abstract

[eng] The choice of local representatives, opposition systems and local bones of contention in council elections in the country - This article presents the conclusion of a survey of council elections and local decision-making powers. It was carried out in 5 communes » in the South-West and takes into account changes that have taken place between 1971 and 1977. . These elections marked an important stage in renewal. In the 5 communes whole council teams have changed, both the mayor and his deputy have been replaced. Whereas one can observe a permanent choice of couneillors based on a selection of those who are « eligible » — in other words, candidates belonging to the « best families », mayors are replaced as if in an atmosphere of crisis. . The similarity of «communal» problems raised during election campaigns is in strong contrast with the diversity of the opposition systems that make up municipal elections. Within a certain number of common problems one can nevertheless pick out a step towards diverging tendencies (conservative management/dynamic management, the village/country opposition ; farmers/non-farmers). The diversity of opposition systems is linked to the local social relationships network : in a framework of « peasant democracy » ideological traditions give municipal competitions their specificity (a-political opposition systems; dualistic left/right systems). . Far from being a marginal phenomenon in the profound changes that the rural world is undergoing and being an obstacle to change, « communal » democracy in rural areas seems to be finding a new vitality limited by centralization and by state-imposed cut-backs. [fre] Cet article présente les condusions d'une étude sur les élections municipales et le pouvoir local. Réalisée dans cinq communes du Sud-Ouest, il'étude prend en compte les changements intervenus entre 1971 et 1977. . Ces élections ont marqué une phase importante de renouvellement : dans les cinq communes, les équipes ont changé, maire et adjoint ont été remplacés. Tandis que l'on observe la permanence d'un système de choix des conseillers municipaux, fondé sur la sélection des « éligiblles », c'est-à-dire des candidats appartenant à de « bonnes families », le renouvellement des maires s'opère sur le mode de la crise. . La simiilitude des problèmes communaux évoqués pendant îles campagnes électorales contraste fortement avec la diversité des systèmes d'opposition qui structurent les compétitions municipales. A l'intérieur d'une certaine communauté de problèmes, on peut reliever cependant d'amorce d'orientations divergentes (gestion conservatrice/gestion dynamique ; apposition village/campagne, agrioulteurs/non-agriculteurs). La diversité des systèmes d'opposition renvoie à la configuration locale des rapports sociaux : dans le cadre des « démocraties paysannes », ce sont lies (traditions idéologiques qui donnent aux compétitions municipales leur spécificité (système d'opposition « apolitique », système dualiste droite/gauche...). . Loin d'être en marge des transformations profondes que subit le monde rural et de constituer un obstacle au changement, la démocratie communale en milieu rural semble connaître une nouvelle vitalité qui trouve ses limites dans la centralisation et la restriction des moyens par d'Etat.

Suggested Citation

  • R. Bages & J.-Y. Nevers, 1978. "Choix des élus, systèmes d'opposition et enjeux locaux dans les luttes municipales à la campagne," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 128(1), pages 45-56.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1978_num_128_1_2606
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1978.2606
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1978.2606
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    Cited by:

    1. Robert Bages, 2004. "Les configurations du jeu politique local dans la nouvelle ruralité aux élections municipales de 1995 et 2001," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 281(1), pages 59-80.

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