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Agences de notation et conflits d’intérêts

Author

Listed:
  • Aline Darbellay
  • Frank Partnoy

Abstract

[fre] Alors que la création des agences de notation financière remonte au début du XX e siècle, le problème des conflits d’intérêts a tout particulièrement émergé dans les années 1970, et s’est intensifié à l’aube de la crise des subprimes. Dans les années 1970, les principales agences de notation sont passées du modèle de l’investisseur-payeur au modèle de l’émetteur-payeur, c’est-à-dire que les émetteurs voulant être notés ont commencé à avoir recours aux services de ces agences. Ce changement s’explique essentiellement par le rôle de quasi-régulateur donné aux agences aux États-Unis, et plus tard, au niveau international. Par conséquent, les principales agences de notation Moody’s, Standard& Poor’s et Fitch sont devenues de plus en plus rentables. Cependant, au cours de la crise financière, de nombreux scandales ont dénoncé le fait que les notations de crédit ont peu de qualité informative par rapport aux revenus substantiels qu’elles génèrent. Cette situation paradoxale attire l’attention sur le manque de surveillance des agences de notation et le besoin de contrôler et minimiser les conflits d’intérêts. Aux États-Unis, le Dodd-Frank Act de 2010 répond en partie à ces problèmes dans le cadre de sa réforme des agences de notation. . Classification JEL : G01, G24, G28. [eng] Credit Rating Agencies and Conflicts of Interest.. While the creation of the credit rating industry traces back to the beginning of the twentieth century, conflicts of interest have emerged particularly since the 1970s, and they escalated in the run-up to the subprime mortgage crisis. In the 1970s, the leading credit rating agencies shifted from an investor-pays to an issuer-pays business model, i. e. issuers that were willing to be rated started to hire the agencies. This shift has been best explained by the quasi-regulatory role given to the leading agencies by regulators in the United States and later worldwide. Consequently, the leading credit rating agencies Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch have become increasingly profitable. However, numerous rating scandals during the recent financial crisis highlighted the fact that credit ratings have in fact little informational value as compared to the significant revenues they generate. This paradoxal situation gives rise to concern about the lack of regulatory oversight in the credit rating industry and the need of monitoring conflicts of interest. In the United States, the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 partly addresses these concerns in its credit rating agency reform. . Classification JEL : G01, G24, G28.

Suggested Citation

  • Aline Darbellay & Frank Partnoy, 2012. "Agences de notation et conflits d’intérêts," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 105(1), pages 309-318.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2012_num_105_1_5978
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    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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