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Architecture financière, risque systémique et banque universelle aux États-Unis

Author

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  • Anthony Saunders
  • Ingo Walter

Abstract

[fre] Entraînée par de multiples facteurs, la consolidation a été un phénomène permanent du secteur des services financiers qui a entraîné une évolution fondamentale de l’architecture financière et de l’exposition du grand public au risque systémique. À partir de 2007, la reconfiguration du secteur financier s’est accélérée sous l’impulsion des gouvernements, qui ont forcé ou bien encouragé l’adossement des sociétés financières les plus vulnérables avec les plus vigoureuses, pour essayer d’endiguer la crise et d’améliorer la robustesse systémique. Ce faisant, les sociétés financières, qui sont «systémiques » de nature et qui ont joué un rôle prédominant dans la création de la crise, s’en sont sorties avec encore plus de parts de marché et une importance systémique encore plus grande. Étant donnée la socialisation épisodique du risque – qui se traduit par une utilisation généralisée des garanties publiques pour des sociétés jugées trop grosses ou trop interconnectées pour qu’on les laisse faire faillite –, le rôle des institutions financières d’importance systémique (SIFI) est dorénavant essentiel dans l’architecture financière et pour l’intérêt public. Cette étude se penche sur les sources de risques, de pertes et de gains systémiques associés aux SIFI dans le contexte historique, dans la littérature théorique et empirique, et dans les débats en matière de politique publique – quels sont les avantages et les inconvénients des stratégies disponibles pour faire face au rôle dominant des SIFI dans l’architecture financière ? . Classification JEL : G01, G21, G24, G28. [eng] Financial Architecture, Systemic Risk and Universal Banking in the United States.. Relyingonvarious underlying drivers, consolidation has been a fact of life in the wholesale financial services sector, resulting in fundamental changes in the financial architecture and public exposure to systemic risk. Moreover, financial sector reconfiguration has accelerated as a result of the global market turbulence that began in 2007, with governments either forcing or encouraging combinations of stronger and weaker financial firms in an effort to stem the crisis and improve systemic robustness. In the process, financial firms that are “ systemic” in nature and had a major role in creating the crisis have come out of it with even larger market shares and greater systemic importance. Given the episodic socialization of risk in the form of widespread use of public guarantees to firms judged too big or too interconnected to be allowed to fail, the role of systemically important financial institutions (SIFIs) is central to the financial architecture and the public interest going forward. This survey paper considers the sources of systemic gains, losses and risks associated with SIFIs in historical context, in the theoretical and empirical literature, and in public policy discussions – i. e., what is gained and what is lost as a result of the available policy options to deal the dominant role of SIFIs in the financial architecture ? . Classification JEL : G01, G21, G24, G28.

Suggested Citation

  • Anthony Saunders & Ingo Walter, 2012. "Architecture financière, risque systémique et banque universelle aux États-Unis," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 105(1), pages 115-133.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2012_num_105_1_5967
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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